On the structure of the counting function of sparse context-free languages

  • Authors:
  • Flavio D'Alessandro;Benedetto Intrigila;Stefano Varricchio

  • Affiliations:
  • Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy;Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy;Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy

  • Venue:
  • Theoretical Computer Science - In honour of Professor Christian Choffrut on the occasion of his 60th birthday
  • Year:
  • 2006

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Abstract

We give an exact description of the counting function of a sparse context-free language. Let L be a sparse context-free language and let fL be its counting function. Then there exist polynomials P0, P1,...,Pk - 1, with rational coefficients, and an integer constant k0, such that for any n ≥ k0 one has fL (n) = pj (n) where j is such that j ≡ n mod k. As a consequence one can easily show the decidability of some questions concerning sparse context-free languages. Finally, we show that for any sparse context-free language L there exists a regular language L' such that for any n ≥ 0 one has fL (n) = fL' (n) and, therefore, fL is rational.