Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits
Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits
A Standardized Knobs and Monitors RTL2RTL Insertion Methodology for Fine Grain SoC Tuning
DSD '09 Proceedings of the 2009 12th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design, Architectures, Methods and Tools
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In this paper we present the design of a 0.18 μm CMOS current reference based on a variability-aware approach, in such a way to obtain a very low process sensitivity of the reference current. Its relative standard deviation is 1.4 % based on measurements performed over 23 samples from a single batch. The requirement of low process sensitivity is met together with the very low power consumption of 290 nW, at the cost of a large area occupation of 0.245 mm2. Key to obtain this result are the use of the "classical" bipolar bandgap topology, which can be optimized for low-power/low-spread operation so as to outperform MOS-based bandgap circuits, and the use of devices that are intrinsically more stable towards process, such as diffusion resistors.