Digital Watermarking: From Concepts to Real-Time Video Applications
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A Secure, Robust Watermark for Multimedia
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Information Hiding
Modulation and Information Hiding in Images
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Information Hiding
Adaptive Watermarking in the DCT Domain
ICASSP '97 Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP '97) -Volume 4 - Volume 4
Layered Access Control Schemes on Watermarked Scalable Media
Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems
Hardware implementation perspectives of digital video watermarking algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Optimal differential energy watermarking of DCT encoded images and video
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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With the rapid distribution of digital video capture devices, significant videos can be captured effortlessly. The captured videos are often saved in moving pictures expert group-2 (MPEG-2) format. To prove copyright ownership, applying watermarking in MPEG-2 videos is necessary. However, little research has been devoted to the watermarking design not only for the spatial domain but also for the frequency domain and the realization of watermarking hardware. Thus, a joint data compression and watermarking system with configurable spatial and frequency domain embedding, and its very large scale integrated circuit (VLSI) architecture is presented in this paper. First, after analyzing the characteristics of videos, a novel watermarking system with two number-based keys and a shuffled image is built. It is based on the spread spectrum techniques and adaptive human visual system (AHVS). With a consideration of the cost and easiness of use, the proposed system is realized as blind detection which can dispense without the storage of the original-multimedia data. Second, the efficient VLSI architecture of our approach is designed. Various subjective and objective evaluations are performed for watermarking analysis. From the evaluation, it is realized that the system can achieve robust watermarking with high flexibility for joint data compression and low hardware complexity. Various attacks and comparisons also show the efficiency of the proposed watermarking scheme. Furthermore, the VLSI synthesis results demonstrate the high performance of the proposed architecture. Thus, the proposed system is adequate for a specific function intellectual property (IP) combined with a real-time video capture and a surveillance system.