Amazon.com Recommendations: Item-to-Item Collaborative Filtering
IEEE Internet Computing
Key, Chord, and Rhythm Tracking of Popular Music Recordings
Computer Music Journal
A Large-Scale Evaluation of Acoustic and Subjective Music-Similarity Measures
Computer Music Journal
Detecting harmonic change in musical audio
Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Audio and music computing multimedia
A Music Scene Analysis System with the MRF-Based Information Integration Scheme
ICPR '96 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
Identification of musical chords using CONSTANT-Q spectra
ICASSP '01 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05
Multi-timbre chord classification using wavelet transform and self-organized map neural networks
ICASSP '01 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05
A System for Automatic Chord Transcription from Audio Using Genre-Specific Hidden Markov Models
Adaptive Multimedial Retrieval: Retrieval, User, and Semantics
A novel chroma representation of polyphonic music based on multiple pitch tracking techniques
MM '08 Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Genre classification using chords and stochastic language models
Connection Science - Music, Brain, Cognition
Robust modeling of musical chord sequences using probabilistic N-grams
ICASSP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing
Structured Prediction Models for Chord Transcription of Music Audio
ICMLA '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications
Simultaneous estimation of chords and musical context from audio
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia
Enhancing chord recognition accuracy using web resources
Proceedings of 3rd international workshop on Machine learning and music
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Integrating Additional Chord Information Into HMM-Based Lyrics-to-Audio Alignment
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
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In this overview article, we review research on the task of Automatic Chord Estimation (ACE). The major contributions from the last 14 years of research are summarized, with detailed discussions of the following topics: feature extraction, modeling strategies, model training and datasets, and evaluation strategies. Results from the annual benchmarking evaluation Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange (MIREX) are also discussed as well as developments in software implementations and the impact of ACE within MIR. We conclude with possible directions for future research.