Relative Navigation Approach for Vision-Based Aerial GPS-Denied Navigation

Authors:
Robert C. Leishman;Timothy W. Mclain;Randal W. Beard
Affiliations:
US AFRL/RY, Wright-Patterson AFB, USA 45431;Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA 84604;Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA 84604
Venue:
Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems
Year:
2014

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Abstract

GPS-denied aerial flight is a challenging research problem and requires knowledge of complex elements from several distinct disciplines. Additionally, aerial vehicles can present challenging constraints such as stringent payload limits and fast vehicle dynamics. In this paper we propose a new architecture to simplify some of the challenges that constrain GPS-denied aerial flight. At the core, the approach combines visual graph-SLAM with a multiplicative extended Kalman filter. More importantly, for the front end we depart from the common practice of estimating global states and instead keep the position and yaw states of the MEKF relative to the current node in the map. This relative navigation approach provides simple application of sensor measurement updates, intuitive definition of map edges and covariances, and the flexibility of using a globally consistent map when desired. We verify the approach with hardware flight-test results.