CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Video widgets and video actors
UIST '93 Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Using a human face in an interface
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Adding animated presentation agents to the interface
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
My partner is a real dog: cooperation with social agents
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Computer facial animation
Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Guiding the user through dynamically generated hypermedia presentations with a life-like character
IUI '98 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Animated autonomous personal representatives
AGENTS '98 Proceedings of the second international conference on Autonomous agents
Analysis and Synthesis of Facial Image Sequences Using Physical and Anatomical Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Sample-Based Synthesis of Photo-Realistic Talking Heads
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Animation of Synthetic Faces in MPEG-4
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Synthesis of Facial Expressions for Semantic Coding of Videophone Sequences
CGI '98 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International 1998
Human-Computer Interaction
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Computer simulation of human faces has been an active research area for a long time. However, it is less clear what the applications of facial animation (FA) will be. We have undertaken experiments on 190 subjects in order to explore the benefits of FA. Part of the experiment was aimed at exploring the objective benefits, i.e., to see if FA can help users to perform certain tasks better. The other part of the experiment was aimed at subjective benefits. At the same time comparison of different FA techniques was undertaken. We present the experiment design and the results. The results show that FA aids users in understanding spoken text in noisy conditions; that it can effectively make waiting times more acceptable to the user; and that it makes services more attractive to the users, particularly when they compare directly the same service with or without the FA.