A Computational Approach to Edge Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Statistical color models with application to skin detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
ECCV '96 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
System for Screening Objectionable Images Using Daubechies' Wavelets and Color Histograms
IDMS '97 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems and Telecommunication Services
Skin-Color Modeling and Adaptation
ACCV '98 Proceedings of the Third Asian Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II
Non-retrieval: Blocking Pornographic Images
CIVR '02 Proceedings of the International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval
Parametrized structure from motion for 3D adaptive feedback tracking of faces
CVPR '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97)
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
International Journal of Computer Vision
Classifying offensive sites based on image content
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on color for image indexing and retrieval
A Novel Approach to Detecting Adult Images
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 4 - Volume 04
Shape-Based Adult Image Detection
ICIG '04 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Image and Graphics
Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Human Detection
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
WebGuard: A Web Filtering Engine Combining Textual, Structural, and Visual Content-Based Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Recognition of Pornographic Web Pages by Classifying Texts and Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF)
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Recognizing and Filtering Web Images Based on People's Existence
WI-IAT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Volume 01
Adult Image Detection Using Bayesian Decision Rule Weighted by SVM Probability
ICCIT '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Fourth International Conference on Computer Sciences and Convergence Information Technology
Filtering adult image content with topic models
ICME'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Multimedia and Expo
A study on adult image detection via object analysis and multiresizing
ISCIT'09 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Communications and information technologies
Neural network based adult image classification
ICANN'05 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial Neural Networks: biological Inspirations - Volume Part I
Multi class adult image classification using neural networks
AI'05 Proceedings of the 18th Canadian Society conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Automatic detection of child pornography using color visual words
ICME '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
MPEG-7 visual shape descriptors
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Optical Memory and Neural Networks
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We provide an overview of state-of-the-art approaches to visual adult image recognition which is a special case of one-class image classification. We present a representative selection of methods which we coarsely divide into three main groups. First we discuss color-based approaches which rely on the intuitive assumption that adult images usually feature skin-colored regions. Different ways of defining skin colors are described and example classification frameworks built on skin color models are presented. Another main group of approaches to adult image recognition is based on shape information which usually also exploit color information to find skin-colored regions of interest. Color and texture features are often used to augment such shape features. Finally we introduce approaches based on local feature descriptors.