Syntactic and semantic parsability
ACL '84 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 22nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Subject-verb agreement in respective coordinations and context-freeness
Computational Linguistics
A formal model for context-free languages augmented with reduplication
Computational Linguistics
Copying in natural languages, context-freeness, and Queue Grammars
ACL '86 Proceedings of the 24th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
On the succinctness properties of unordered context-free grammars
ACL '87 Proceedings of the 25th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
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English is shown to be trans-context-free on the basis of coordinations of the respectively type that involve strictly syntactic cross-serial agreement. The agreement in question involves number in nouns and reflexive pronouns and is syntactic rather than semantic in nature because grammatical number in English, like grammatical gender in languages such as French, is partly arbitrary. The formal proof, which makes crucial use of the Interchange Lemma of Ogden et al., is so constructed as to be valid even if English is presumed to contain grammatical sentences in which respectively operates across a pair of coordinate phrases one of whose members has fewer conjuncts than the other; it thus goes through whatever the facts may be regarding constructions with unequal numbers of conjuncts in the scope of respectively, whereas other arguments have foundered on this problem.