Automatic text processing: the transformation, analysis, and retrieval of information by computer
Automatic text processing: the transformation, analysis, and retrieval of information by computer
The effectiveness of GIOSS for the text database discovery problem
SIGMOD '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Searching distributed collections with inference networks
SIGIR '95 Proceedings of the 18th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Information Retrieval: Application Service Definition and Protocol Specification, Z39.50-1995
Information Retrieval: Application Service Definition and Protocol Specification, Z39.50-1995
Boolean Query Mapping Across Heterogeneous Information Sources
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Generalizing GlOSS to Vector-Space Databases and Broker Hierarchies
VLDB '95 Proceedings of the 21th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
The Warwick Framework: A Container Architecture for Aggregating Sets of Metadata
The Warwick Framework: A Container Architecture for Aggregating Sets of Metadata
Predicate Rewriting for Translating Boolean Queries in a Heterogeneous Information System
Predicate Rewriting for Translating Boolean Queries in a Heterogeneous Information System
STARTS: Stanford Protocol Proposal for Internet Retrieval and Search
STARTS: Stanford Protocol Proposal for Internet Retrieval and Search
Metadata for digital libraries: architecture and design rationale
DL '97 Proceedings of the second ACM international conference on Digital libraries
Evaluating the cost of Boolean query mapping
DL '97 Proceedings of the second ACM international conference on Digital libraries
SIGMOD '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
An extensible constructor tool for the rapid, interactive design of query synthesizers
Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital libraries
Database selection techniques for routing bibliographic queries
Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital libraries
Predicate rewriting for translating Boolean queries in a heterogeneous information system
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Automatic discovery of language models for text databases
SIGMOD '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Using query mediators for distributed searching in federated digital libraries
Proceedings of the fourth ACM conference on Digital libraries
ZBroker: a query routing broker for Z39.50 databases
Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Information and knowledge management
GlOSS: text-source discovery over the Internet
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
The state of the art in distributed query processing
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
SDLIP + STARTS = SDARTS a protocol and toolkit for metasearching
Proceedings of the 1st ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
PERSIVAL, a system for personalized search and summarization over multimedia healthcare information
Proceedings of the 1st ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Query-based sampling of text databases
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Merging techniques for performing data fusion on the web
Proceedings of the tenth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Building efficient and effective metasearch engines
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
The ADEPT digital library architecture
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Using sampled data and regression to merge search engine results
SIGIR '02 Proceedings of the 25th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
A language modeling framework for resource selection and results merging
Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on Information and knowledge management
A Statistical Method for Estimating the Usefulness of Text Databases
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
A Formal Model for Data Fusion
FQAS '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Flexible Query Answering Systems
Merging Ranks from Heterogeneous Internet Sources
VLDB '97 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Adaptive Web Meta-search Enhanced by Constraint-Based Query Constructing and Mapping
WAIM '01 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Advances in Web-Age Information Management
Distributed Information Search with Adaptive Meta-Search Engines
CAiSE '01 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering
The MyVIEW Project: A Data Warehousing Approach to Personalized Digital Libraries
NGIT '99 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Next Generation Information Technologies and Systems
Alerting in a Digital Library Environment: Do Channels Meet the Requirements?
ECDL '98 Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries
Predicting Indexer Performance in a Distributed Digital Library
ECDL '99 Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries
Technical Report Interchange through Synchronized OAI Caches
ECDL '02 Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries
System Infrastructure for Digital Libraries: A Survey and Outlook
SOFSEM '98 Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Informatics: Theory and Practice of Informatics
Open Architecture for Distributed Search Systems
IS&N '99 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligence and Services in Networks: Paving the Way for an Open Service Market
Repository synchronization in the OAI framework
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Relevant document distribution estimation method for resource selection
Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval
Comparing the performance of collection selection algorithms
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
A semisupervised learning method to merge search engine results
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Information Retrieval with Distributed Databases: Analytic Models of Performance
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Algorithms and applications for answering ranked queries using ranked views
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
When one sample is not enough: improving text database selection using shrinkage
SIGMOD '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Supporting metasearch with XSL
Journal of Systems and Software - Special issue: Performance modeling and analysis of computer systems and networks
Unified utility maximization framework for resource selection
Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
The robustness of content-based search in hierarchical peer to peer networks
Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Modeling and Managing Content Changes in Text Databases
ICDE '05 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Data Engineering
Modeling search engine effectiveness for federated search
Proceedings of the 28th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Information source selection for resource constrained environments
ACM SIGMOD Record
Two-stage statistical language models for text database selection
Information Retrieval
Modeling and managing changes in text databases
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Distributed text retrieval from overlapping collections
ADC '07 Proceedings of the eighteenth conference on Australasian database - Volume 63
Using query logs to establish vocabularies in distributed information retrieval
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Updating collection representations for federated search
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Distributed search over the hidden web: hierarchical database sampling and selection
VLDB '02 Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Very Large Data Bases
Metadata harvesting for content-based distributed information retrieval
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Classification-aware hidden-web text database selection
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Facilitating discovery on the private web using dataset digests
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services
Robust result merging using sample-based score estimates
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Effective query expansion for federated search
Proceedings of the 32nd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Mutli-agent System for Personalizing Information Source Selection
WI-IAT '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Volume 01
Generating a meta-DL by federating search on OAI and non-OAI servers
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
Central-rank-based collection selection in uncooperative distributed information retrieval
ECIR'07 Proceedings of the 29th European conference on IR research
Results merging algorithm using multiple regression models
ECIR'07 Proceedings of the 29th European conference on IR research
Collection profiling for collection fusion in distributed information retrieval systems
KSEM'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Knowledge science, engineering and management
Quality-driven query answering for integrated information systems
Quality-driven query answering for integrated information systems
Personalised distributed information retrieval-based agents
International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications
Facilitating discovery on the private web using dataset digests
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies
A joint probabilistic classification model for resource selection
Proceedings of the 33rd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Top-d rank aggregation in web meta-search engine
FAW'10 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Frontiers in algorithmics
Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval
A multi-collection latent topic model for federated search
Information Retrieval
Cooperating search communities
AH'06 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems
Compact features for detection of near-duplicates in distributed retrieval
SPIRE'06 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on String Processing and Information Retrieval
Federated search of text-based digital libraries in hierarchical peer-to-peer networks
ECIR'05 Proceedings of the 27th European conference on Advances in Information Retrieval Research
An application framework for distributed information retrieval
ICADL'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Asian Digital Libraries: achievements, Challenges and Opportunities
A plugin architecture enabling federated search for digital libraries
ICADL'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Asian Digital Libraries: achievements, Challenges and Opportunities
Mixture model with multiple centralized retrieval algorithms for result merging in federated search
SIGIR '12 Proceedings of the 35th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Aggregated search: A new information retrieval paradigm
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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Document sources are available everywhere, both within the internal networks of organizations and on the Internet. Even individual organizations use search engines from different vendors to index their internal document collections. These search engines are typically incompatible in that they support different query models and interfaces, they do not return enough information with the query results for adequate merging of the results, and finally, in that they do not export metadata about the collections that they index (e.g., to assist in resource discovery). This paper describes STARTS, an emerging protocol for Internet retrieval and search that facilitates the task of querying multiple document sources. STARTS has been developed in a unique way. It is not a standard, but a group effort coordinated by Stanford's Digital Library project, and involving over 11 companies and organizations. The objective of this paper is not only to give an overview of the STARTS protocol proposal, but also to discuss the process that led to its definition.