SIBRIS: the sandwich interactive browsing and ranking information system
Journal of Information Science
Automatic text processing: the transformation, analysis, and retrieval of information by computer
Automatic text processing: the transformation, analysis, and retrieval of information by computer
Evaluation of an inference network-based retrieval model
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) - Special issue on research and development in information retrieval
Automatic combination of multiple ranked retrieval systems
SIGIR '94 Proceedings of the 17th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Content routing for distributed information servers
EDBT '94 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on extending database technology: Advances in database technology
The effectiveness of GIOSS for the text database discovery problem
SIGMOD '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
ALIWEB—Archie-like indexing in the WEB
Selected papers of the first conference on World-Wide Web
Wide Area Technical Report Service: technical reports online
Communications of the ACM
NetSerf: using semantic knowledge to find Internet information archives
SIGIR '95 Proceedings of the 18th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Searching distributed collections with inference networks
SIGIR '95 Proceedings of the 18th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Learning collection fusion strategies
SIGIR '95 Proceedings of the 18th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Query expansion using local and global document analysis
SIGIR '96 Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Pivoted document length normalization
SIGIR '96 Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
GroupLens: applying collaborative filtering to Usenet news
Communications of the ACM
STARTS: Stanford proposal for Internet meta-searching
SIGMOD '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Experiences with selecting search engines using metasearch
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
A probabilistic model for distributed information retrieval
Proceedings of the 20th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Analyses of multiple evidence combination
Proceedings of the 20th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Multiple search engines in database merging
DL '97 Proceedings of the second ACM international conference on Digital libraries
Principles of database query processing for advanced applications
Principles of database query processing for advanced applications
Effective retrieval with distributed collections
Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Evaluating database selection techniques: a testbed and experiment
Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Methods for information server selection
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Inquirus, the NECI meta search engine
WWW7 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on World Wide Web 7
The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine
WWW7 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on World Wide Web 7
Mind your vocabulary: query mapping across heterogeneous information sources
SIGMOD '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Automatic discovery of language models for text databases
SIGMOD '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Infoseek's experiences searching the internet
ACM SIGIR Forum
Comparing the performance of database selection algorithms
Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Cluster-based language models for distributed retrieval
Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Authoritative sources in a hyperlinked environment
Proceedings of the ninth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Efficient and effective metasearch for a large number of text databases
Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Query routing for Web search engines: architectures and experiments
Proceedings of the 9th international World Wide Web conference on Computer networks : the international journal of computer and telecommunications netowrking
Discovery of similarity computations of search engines
Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Towards a highly-scalable and effective metasearch engine
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web
Probe, count, and classify: categorizing hidden web databases
SIGMOD '01 Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Efficient and effective metasearch for text databases incorporating linkages among documents
SIGMOD '01 Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval
Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval
Fusion Via a Linear Combination of Scores
Information Retrieval
Mining the Web's Link Structure
Computer
Boolean Similarity Measures for Resource Discovery
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
A Statistical Method for Estimating the Usefulness of Text Databases
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Search and Ranking Algorithms for Locating Resources on the World Wide Web
ICDE '96 Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Data Engineering
Global Integration of Visual Databases
ICDE '98 Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Data Engineering
Merging Ranks from Heterogeneous Internet Sources
VLDB '97 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Determining Text Databases to Search in the Internet
VLDB '98 Proceedings of the 24rd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Generalizing GlOSS to Vector-Space Databases and Broker Hierarchies
VLDB '95 Proceedings of the 21th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Server Ranking for Distributed Text Retrieval Systems on the Internet
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications (DASFAA)
Finding the Most Similar Documents across Multiple Text Databases
ADL '99 Proceedings of the IEEE Forum on Research and Technology Advances in Digital Libraries
Detection of Heterogeneities in a Multiple Text Database Environment
COOPIS '99 Proceedings of the Fourth IECIS International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems
Query Routing in Large-Scale Digital Library Systems
ICDE '99 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Data Engineering
Estimating the Usefulness of Search Engines
ICDE '99 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Data Engineering
Characterizing World Wide Web Queries
Characterizing World Wide Web Queries
USITS'97 Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems
Using the structure of HTML documents to improve retrieval
USITS'97 Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems
Towards a highly-scalable and effective metasearch engine
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web
A highly scalable and effective method for metasearch
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Discovering the representative of a search engine
Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on Information and knowledge management
Text Retrieval Systems for the Web
Programming and Computing Software
A light weight PDA-friendly collection fusion technique
Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval
Information Retrieval with Distributed Databases: Analytic Models of Performance
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Shadow document methods of resutls merging
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Automatic performance evaluation of web search engines
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Collection selection for managed distributed document databases
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Ranked Relations: Query Languages and Query Processing Methods for Multimedia
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Unified utility maximization framework for resource selection
Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
EBizPort: collecting and analyzing business intelligence information
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Fully automatic wrapper generation for search engines
WWW '05 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web
Building an open source meta-search engine
WWW '05 Special interest tracks and posters of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web
On search in peer-to-peer file sharing systems
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Modeling search engine effectiveness for federated search
Proceedings of the 28th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Automatic ranking of information retrieval systems using data fusion
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web
Social networks, incentives, and search
SIGIR '06 Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Web dynamics and their ramifications for the development of web search engines
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Web dynamics
A study of results overlap and uniqueness among major web search engines
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Automatic extraction of dynamic record sections from search engine result pages
VLDB '06 Proceedings of the 32nd international conference on Very large data bases
Incorporating agent based neural network model for adaptive meta-search
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Southeast regional conference - Volume 1
The database research group at the Max-Planck Institute for Informatics
ACM SIGMOD Record
Identifying redundant search engines in a very large scale metasearch engine context
WIDM '06 Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM international workshop on Web information and data management
Efficient peer-to-peer semantic overlay networks based on statistical language models
P2PIR '06 Proceedings of the international workshop on Information retrieval in peer-to-peer networks
Novel applications of information retrieval techniques to peer-to-peer file-sharing systems
P2PIR '06 Proceedings of the international workshop on Information retrieval in peer-to-peer networks
Discovering and exploiting keyword and attribute-value co-occurrences to improve P2P routing indices
CIKM '06 Proceedings of the 15th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Category ranking for personalized search
Data & Knowledge Engineering
Web searcher interaction with the Dogpile.com metasearch engine
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Comparing apples and oranges: normalized pagerank for evolving graphs
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web
Personalized social & real-time collaborative search
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web
Effective keyword-based selection of relational databases
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
AllInOneNews: development and evaluation of a large-scale news metasearch engine
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
MySearchView: a customized metasearch engine generator
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Result merging methods in distributed information retrieval with overlapping databases
Information Retrieval
Distributed text retrieval from overlapping collections
ADC '07 Proceedings of the eighteenth conference on Australasian database - Volume 63
Mining templates from search result records of search engines
Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
CLASCN: candidate network selection for efficient top-k keyword queries over databases
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Leveraging semantic technologies for enterprise search
Proceedings of the ACM first Ph.D. workshop in CIKM
A Web Searching Guide: Internet Search Engines & Autonomous Interface Agents Collaboration
WI-IATW '07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops
A novel approach for assisting teachers in analyzing student web-searching behaviors
Computers & Education
Information integration in the enterprise
Communications of the ACM - Enterprise information integration: and other tools for merging data
Exploiting correlated keywords to improve approximate information filtering
Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Improving Web Search by Categorization, Clustering, and Personalization
ADMA '08 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications
Adaptive distributed indexing for structured peer-to-peer networks
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management
Managing collaborative feedback information for distributed retrieval
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM workshop on Large-Scale distributed systems for information retrieval
A probabilistic model based approach for blended search
Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web
Identifying vertical search intention of query through social tagging propagation
Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web
A survey of Web clustering engines
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A Fuzzy Search Engine Weighted Approach to Result Merging for Metasearch
RSFDGrC '07 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining and Granular Computing
Detecting user types in object ranking decisions
Proceedings of the International Conference on Management of Emergent Digital EcoSystems
On the feasibility of multi-site web search engines
Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management
A Weighted Hybrid Fuzzy Result Merging Model for Metasearch
RSFDGrC '09 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining and Granular Computing
Evaluating peer-to-peer networking for information retrieval within the context of meta-searching
ECIR'03 Proceedings of the 25th European conference on IR research
Segmentation of search engine results for effective data-fusion
ECIR'07 Proceedings of the 29th European conference on IR research
Web-based image retrieval with a case study
APWeb'03 Proceedings of the 5th Asia-Pacific web conference on Web technologies and applications
Using missing documents in metasearch aggregation: an application of OWA operator
FSKD'09 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Fuzzy systems and knowledge discovery - Volume 7
Flood little, cache more: effective result-reuse in P2P IR systems
DASFAA'08 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Database systems for advanced applications
Automated data discovery in similarity score queries
DASFAA'08 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Database systems for advanced applications
WAIF: web of asynchronous information filters
Future directions in distributed computing
SPGProfile: Speak Group Profile
Information Systems
A joint probabilistic classification model for resource selection
Proceedings of the 33rd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Evaluating interfaces for government metasearch
Proceedings of the third symposium on Information interaction in context
LESSON: A system for lecture notes searching and sharing over Internet
Journal of Systems and Software
The e-recall environment for cloud based mobile rich media data management
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM multimedia workshop on Mobile cloud media computing
A new perspective on collection selection
ECDL'10 Proceedings of the 14th European conference on Research and advanced technology for digital libraries
Effective rank aggregation for metasearching
Journal of Systems and Software
Large scale rich media information search
PCM'10 Proceedings of the Advances in multimedia information processing, and 11th Pacific Rim conference on Multimedia: Part II
W-Ray: a strategy to publish deep web geographic data
ER'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Advances in conceptual modeling: applications and challenges
Document assignment in multi-site search engines
Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval
Optimizing search engines results using linear programming
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Peer-to-peer web search: euphoria, achievements, disillusionment, and future opportunities
From active data management to event-based systems and more
Beauty and the beast: the theory and practice of information integration
ICDT'07 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Database Theory
A novel resource description based approach for clustering peers
WAIM'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Advances in Web-Age Information Management
Compact features for detection of near-duplicates in distributed retrieval
SPIRE'06 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on String Processing and Information Retrieval
Evaluation of result merging strategies for metasearch engines
WISE'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Web Information Systems Engineering
Sample sizes for query probing in uncooperative distributed information retrieval
APWeb'06 Proceedings of the 8th Asia-Pacific Web conference on Frontiers of WWW Research and Development
IQN routing: integrating quality and novelty in P2P querying and ranking
EDBT'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Advances in Database Technology
A comprehensive OWA-based framework for result merging in metasearch
RSFDGrC'05 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing - Volume Part II
The MINERVA project: towards collaborative search in digital libraries using peer-to-peer technology
DELOS'04 Proceedings of the 6th Thematic conference on Peer-to-Peer, Grid, and Service-Orientation in Digital Library Architectures
An application framework for distributed information retrieval
ICADL'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Asian Digital Libraries: achievements, Challenges and Opportunities
A plugin architecture enabling federated search for digital libraries
ICADL'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Asian Digital Libraries: achievements, Challenges and Opportunities
Enhancement of information seeking using an information needs radar model
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Dynamic refinement of search engines results utilizing the user intervention
Journal of Systems and Software
To what problem is distributed information retrieval the solution?
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Web query disambiguation using PageRank
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Studying the clustering paradox and scalability of search in highly distributed environments
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Social Ties in Video Sharing Services: Tactics for Excavating Virtual Settlements
International Journal of Virtual Communities and Social Networking
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Frequently a user's information needs are stored in the databases of multiple search engines. It is inconvenient and inefficient for an ordinary user to invoke multiple search engines and identify useful documents from the returned results. To support unified access to multiple search engines, a metasearch engine can be constructed. When a metasearch engine receives a query from a user, it invokes the underlying search engines to retrieve useful information for the user. Metasearch engines have other benefits as a search tool such as increasing the search coverage of the Web and improving the scalability of the search. In this article, we survey techniques that have been proposed to tackle several underlying challenges for building a good metasearch engine. Among the main challenges, the database selection problem is to identify search engines that are likely to return useful documents to a given query. The document selection problem is to determine what documents to retrieve from each identified search engine. The result merging problem is to combine the documents returned from multiple search engines. We will also point out some problems that need to be further researched.