Quantum cryptanalysis of hash and claw-free functions

  • Authors:
  • Gilles Brassard;Peter Høyer;Alain Tapp

  • Affiliations:
  • Université de Montréal, Département IRO, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale centre-ville, Montréal (Québec), Canada;Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Odense University, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark.;Université de Montréal, Département IRO, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale centre-ville, Montréal (Québec), Canada

  • Venue:
  • ACM SIGACT News
  • Year:
  • 1997

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Abstract

In this note, we give a quantum algorithm that finds collisions in arbitrary τ-to-one functions after only O(3√N/τ) expected evaluations of the function. Assuming the function is given by a black box, this is more efficient than the best possible classical algorithm, even allowing probabilism. We also give a similar algorithm for finding claws in pairs of functions. Furthermore, we exhibit a space-time tradeoff for our technique. Our approach uses Grover's quantum searching algorithm in a novel way.