Theoretical bounds for switching activity analysis in finite-state machines
ISLPED '98 Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Bounds on FSM Switching Activity
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
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Several state assignment algorithms have attempted to minimize the average Hamming distance per transition in the hopes of generating low power assignments. There has not been a reasonable theoretical lower bound on the average Hamming distance per transition that is applicable to every state assignment for a given finite state machine (FSM). Such a lower bound serves many roles-a target for algorithm designers, provides clues about what types of FSM structures are likely to have low average switching per transition, could be incorporated into a high-level power model. We provide two such lower bounds which were also found to be achievable empirically within 17% for MCNC benchmarks. An interesting byproduct of one of these 'theoretical' lower bounds was a greedy state assignment algorithm which is amenable to a very distributed (parallel) implementation. This algorithm also outperforms JEDI by 2.5% for area and by 21% for power over MCNC benchmarks.