Architectural considerations for a new generation of protocols
SIGCOMM '90 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Communications architectures & protocols
Delay jitter control scheme for packet-switching internetworks
Computer Communications - Special issue on multimedia communications
Adaptive feedback techniques for synchronized multimedia retrieval over integrated networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
End-to-end packet delay and loss behavior in the internet
SIGCOMM '93 Conference proceedings on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
Communication architectures and algorithms for media mixing in multimedia conferences
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
On the self-similar nature of Ethernet traffic (extended version)
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The synchronization of periodic routing messages
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Adaptive, Best-Effort Delivery of Digital Audio and Video Across Packet-Switched Networks
Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video
An Adaptive Stream Synchronization Protocol
NOSSDAV '95 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video
A synchronization mechanism for continuous media in multimedia communications
INFOCOM '95 Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communication Societies (Vol. 3)-Volume - Volume 3
A media synchronization survey: reference model, specification, and case studies
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Human perception of jitter and media synchronization
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Lightweight Stream Synchronization Framework for Multimedia Collaborative Applications
ISCC '00 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC 2000)
Adaptive Delay and Synchronization Control for Wi-Fi Based Mobile AV Conferencing
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
An agent-based approach to intrastream synchronization for multimedia applications
International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems
Real-time adaptive content-based synchronization of multimedia streams
Advances in Multimedia
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In this paper, we present an adaptive buffering scheme for implementing intra-stream and interstream synchronization in real-time multimedia applications. The essence of the proposed scheme is to dynamically enforce equalized delays to incoming media streams, in order to piece-wise smooth the network delay variations and to synchronize the streams at the sink. An adaptive control mechanism based on an event-counting algorithm is employed to calibrate the PlayOut Clocks (POCs), which manages the presentations of multimedia data. The algorithm does not rely on globally synchronized clock and makes minimal assumption on underlying network delay distribution. Also, the user defined quality of service (QoS) specifications can be directly incorporated into the design parameters of the synchronization algorithm. The proposed synchronization scheme has been experimentally implemented in a teleconference system which consists of separately controllable audio, video, and data channels. The modular structure of the synchronization control provides the flexibility to maintain an arbitrary synchronization group in conjunction with a distributed conference management scheme. This paper also shows the experimental results of the test implementation and the suitability of the proposed scheme with respect to the multimedia traffic across an FDDI/Ethernet network.