An evaluation of retrieval effectiveness for a full-text document-retrieval system
Communications of the ACM
ICAIL '95 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law
Proposal for a Dutch Legal XML Standard
EGOV '02 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Electronic Government
Drafting and Validating Regulations: The Inevitable Use of Intelligent Tools
AIMSA '00 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications
Using ontologies for comparing and harmonizing legislation
ICAIL '03 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law
Understanding the law: a method for legal knowledge dissemination
Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law
Mixing Legal and Non-legal Norms
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems: JURIX 2005: The Eighteenth Annual Conference
LKIF Core: Principled Ontology Development for the Legal Domain
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Law, Ontologies and the Semantic Web: Channelling the Legal Information Flood
Legal Theory, Sources of Law and the Semantic Web
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Legal Theory, Sources of Law and the Semantic Web
Artificial Intelligence and Law
Ontology RepresentationDesign Patterns and Ontologies that Make Sense
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Ontology Representation: Design Patterns and Ontologies that Make Sense
A knowledge engineering approach to comparing legislation
KMGov'03 Proceedings of the 4th IFIP international working conference on Knowledge management in electronic government
Normative conflicts in electronic contracts
Electronic Commerce Research and Applications
Use and reuse of legal ontologies in knowledge engineering and information management
Law and the Semantic Web
On the ontological status of norms
Law and the Semantic Web
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More and more legal information is available in electronic form, but traditional retrieval mechanisms are insufficient to answer questions and legal problems of most users. In the ESPRIT project CLIME we are building a “Legal Information Server” (LIS), that not only retrieves all relevant norms for a user's query, but also applies them, giving the normative consequences of the 'situation' presented in the query. Typically, these queries represent very general and underspecified cases. Underspecification may lead to 'overlooking' of relevant norms, in particular those norms that directly change the legal status of a case: exceptions. Most exceptions in legislation however, are implicit, i.e. will only be detected after trying all norms for a particular case and resolving conflicts between applicable norms. For LISs we suggest to make the exception relations between norms explicit in off-line mode, so that we can use these exception structures to warn users about potential exceptions to their queries.