ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) - Annals of discrete mathematics, 24
Iconic indexing by 2-D strings
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Similarity retrieval of iconic image database
Pattern Recognition
2D C-string: a new spatial knowledge representation for image database systems
Pattern Recognition
Index-based object recognition in pictorial data management
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
The R*-tree: an efficient and robust access method for points and rectangles
SIGMOD '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Retrieval of similar pictures on pictorial databases
Pattern Recognition
Information retrieval: data structures and algorithms
Information retrieval: data structures and algorithms
Design and evaluation of algorithms for image retrieval by spatial similarity
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Multimedia Systems - Special issue on content-based retrieval
Video and image processing in multimedia systems
Video and image processing in multimedia systems
S-tree: a dynamic balanced signature index for office retrieval
Proceedings of the 9th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Using weighted spatial relationships in retrieval by visual contents
Image description and retrieval
Signature files: an access method for documents and its analytical performance evaluation
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
R-trees: a dynamic index structure for spatial searching
SIGMOD '84 Proceedings of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
The TV-tree: an index structure for high-dimensional data
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases - Spatial Database Systems
Efficient Signature File Methods for Text Retrieval
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
STR: A Simple and Efficient Algorithm for R-Tree Packing
ICDE '97 Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Data Engineering
The R+-Tree: A Dynamic Index for Multi-Dimensional Objects
VLDB '87 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Hilbert R-tree: An Improved R-tree using Fractals
VLDB '94 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Automated segmentation of brain MR images
Pattern Recognition
Finding similar images quicky using object shapes
Proceedings of the tenth international conference on Information and knowledge management
ImageMap: An Image Indexing Method Based on Spatial Similarity
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Signature-Based Indexing for Retrieval by Spatial Content in Large 2D-String Image Databases
ISMIS '00 Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Foundations of Intelligent Systems
Image Retrieval Using Multiple Evidence Ranking
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Content-based multimedia information retrieval: State of the art and challenges
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Dynamic interactive spatial similarity retrieval in iconic image databases using enhanced digraph
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Indexing for multipoint interactive similarity retrieval in iconic spatial image databases
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
True suffix tree approach for discovering non-trivial repeating patterns in a music object
Multimedia Tools and Applications
An efficient iconic indexing strategy for image rotation and reflection in image databases
Journal of Systems and Software
Real-valued feature indexing for music databases
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication
Scalable multi-feature index structure for music databases
Information Sciences: an International Journal
An expansion and reranking approach for annotation-based image retrieval from Web
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
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Large image databases have emerged in various applications in recent years. A prime requisite of these databases is the means by which their contents can be indexed and retrieved. A multilevel signature file called the Two Signature Multi-level Signature File (2SMLSF) is introduced as an efficient access structure for large image databases. The 2SMLSF encodes image information into binary signatures and creates a tree structures can be efficiently searched to satisfy a user's query. Two types of signatures are generated. Type I signatures are used at all tree levels except the leaf level and are based only on the domain objects included in the image. Type II signatures, on the other hand, are stored at the leaf level and are based on the included domain objects and their spatial relationships. The 2SMLSF was compared analytically to existing signature file techniques. The 2SMLSF significantly reduces the storage requirements; the index structure can answer more queries; and the 2SMLSF performance significantly improves over current techniques. Both storage reduction and performance improvement increase with the number of objects per image and the number of images in the database. For an example large image database, a storage reduction of 78% may be archieved while the performance improvement may reach 98%.