A physicist's approach to number partitioning

  • Authors:
  • Stephan Mertens

  • Affiliations:
  • Otto-von-Guericke-Univ., Magdeburg, Germany

  • Venue:
  • Theoretical Computer Science - Phase transitions in combinatorial problems
  • Year:
  • 2001

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Abstract

The statistical physics approach to the number partioning problem, a classical NP-hard problem, is both simple and rewarding. Very basic notions and methods from statistical mechanics are enough to obtain analytical results for the phase boundary that separates the "easy-to-solve" from the "hard-to-solve" phase of the NPP as well as for the probability distributions of the optimal and sub-optimal solutions. In addition, it can be shown that solving a number portioning problem of size N to some extent corresponds to locating the minimum in an unsorted list of O(2N ) numbers. Considering this correspondence it is not surprising that known heuristics for the partitioning problem are not signi4cantly better than simple random search.