Applying electric field sensing to human-computer interfaces
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Personal area networks: near-field intrabody communication
IBM Systems Journal
“Body coupled FingerRing”: wireless wearable keyboard
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
TouchTags: using touch to retrieve information stored in a physical object
CHI '99 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Walk-up keyboard: an efficient low overhead interface for transient workers
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The Aware Home: A Living Laboratory for Ubiquitous Computing Research
CoBuild '99 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Cooperative Buildings, Integrating Information, Organization, and Architecture
Intrabody Buses for Data and Power
ISWC '97 Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Wearable Key: Device for Personalizing nearby Environment
ISWC '00 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
IEEE Pervasive Computing
DT controls: adding identity to physical interfaces
Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Analysis of body sensor network using human body as the channel
BodyNets '08 Proceedings of the ICST 3rd international conference on Body area networks
A media handover system with an IrDA pointer
IMSA '07 Proceedings of the Eleventh IASTED International Conference on Internet and Multimedia Systems and Applications
CarpetLAN: a novel indoor wireless(-like) networking and positioning system
UbiComp'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Ubiquitous Computing
Body area network security: robust key establishment using human body channel
HealthSec'12 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX conference on Health Security and Privacy
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
Intrabody communication (IBC) is a wireless communications technology that uses a person's body as the transmission medium for imperceptible electrical signals. Because communication is limited to the vicinity of a person's body, ambiguities arising from communication between personal devices and environmental devices when multiple people are present can, in theory, be solved simply. Intrabody communication also potentially allows data to be transferred when a person touches an IBC-enabled device. We have designed and constructed an intrabody communication system, modeled after Zimmerman's original design, and extended it to operate up to 38.4Kbps and to calculate signal strength. In this paper, we present quantitative measurements of data error rates and signal strength while varying hand distance to transceiver plate, electrode location on the body, touch plate size and shape, and several other factors. We find that plate size and shape have only minor effects, but that the distance to plate and the coupling mechanism significantly effect signal strength. We also find that portable devices, with poor ground coupling, suffer more significant signal attenuation. Our goal is to promote design guidelines for this technology and identify the best contexts for its effective deployment.