Some issues in the indexing of images
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
A classification of visual representations
Communications of the ACM
Visual information retrieval from large distributed online repositories
Communications of the ACM
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Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
The Perception of Visual Information, 2e
The Perception of Visual Information, 2e
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Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
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Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
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Journal of Information Science
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Concept based image retrieval using the domain ontology
ICCSA'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Computational science and its applications: PartII
Supporting student collaboration for image indexing
ICADL'07 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Asian digital libraries: looking back 10 years and forging new frontiers
A new model for semantic photograph description combining basic levels and user-assigned descriptors
Journal of Information Science
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Proceedings of the 73rd ASIS&T Annual Meeting on Navigating Streams in an Information Ecosystem - Volume 47
An exploratory analysis on unsuccessful image searches
Proceedings of the 73rd ASIS&T Annual Meeting on Navigating Streams in an Information Ecosystem - Volume 47
Image needs in the context of image use: An exploratory study
Journal of Information Science
A survey of semantic image and video annotation tools
Knowledge-driven multimedia information extraction and ontology evolution
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Proceedings of the 4th Information Interaction in Context Symposium
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This article presents exploratory research evaluating a conceptual structure for the description of visual content of images. The structure, which was developed from empirical research in several fields (e.g., Computer Science, Psychology, Information Studies, etc.), classifies visual attributes into a Pyramid containing four syntactic levels (type/technique, global distribution, local structure, composition), and six semantic levels (generic, specific, and abstract levels of both object and scene, respectively). Various experiments are presented, which address the Pyramid's ability to achieve several tasks: (1) classification of terms describing image attributes generated in a formal and an informal description task, (2) classification of terms that result from a structured approach to indexing, and (3) guidance in the indexing process. Several descriptions, generated by naive users and indexers, are used in experiments that include two image collections: a random Web sample, and a set of news images. To test descriptions generated in a structured setting, an Image Indexing Template (developed independently over several years of this project by one of the authors) was also used. The experiments performed suggest that the Pyramid is conceptually robust (i.e., can accommodate a full range of attributes), and that it can be used to organize visual content for retrieval, to guide the indexing process, and to classify descriptions obtained manually and automatically.