Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system
Communications of the ACM
Capacity of Ad Hoc wireless networks
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A capacity analysis for the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol
Wireless Networks
Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Heterogeneous Groups to Causally Ordered Delivery
ICDCSW '04 Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops - W7: EC (ICDCSW'04) - Volume 7
Adaptive clock synchronization in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 10th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Distributed power management protocols for multi-hop mobile ad hoc networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Modular Analytical Performance Models for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
WIOPT '05 Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks
Wireless mesh networks: a survey
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems
An Adaptive Quorum-Based Energy Conserving Protocol for IEEE 802.11 Ad Hoc Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Architectural framework for wireless mobile ad hoc networks (AF WMANETs)
Computer Communications
A Clock Synchronization Algorithm for Multihop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Enhancing VoIP service for ubiquitous communication in a campus WLAN with partial coverage
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Experimenting in mobile social contexts using JellyNets
Proceedings of the 10th workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications
Distributed power management protocols for multi-hop mobile ad hoc networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Wireless mesh networks: a survey
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Heterogeneous clock group protocol for causally ordered delivery of messages
International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing
Service discovery framework for MANETs using cross-layered design
WWIC'08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Wired/wireless internet communications
MILCOM'06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE conference on Military communications
MTSP: multi-hop time synchronization protocol for IEEE 802.11 wireless ad hoc network
WASA'06 Proceedings of the First international conference on Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications
Clock synchronization in IEEE 802.11 ad hoc networks
CIT'04 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Information Technology
A novel efficient power-saving MAC protocol for multi-hop MANETs
International Journal of Communication Systems
Supporting a pseudo-TDMA access scheme in mesh wireless networks
WiFlex'13 Proceedings of the First international conference on Wireless Access Flexibility
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The IEEE 802.11 standards support the peer-to-peer mode Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS), which is an ad hoc network with all its stations within each other's transmission range. In an IBSS, it is important that all stations are synchronized to a common clock. Synchronization is necessary for frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) to ensure that all stations "hop" at the same time; it is also necessary for both FHSS and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) to perform power management. This paper evaluates the synchronization mechanism, which is a distributed algorithm, specified in the IEEE 802.11 standards. By both analysis and simulation, it is shown that when the number of stations in an IBSS is not very small, there is a non-negligible probability that stations may get out of synchronization. The more stations, the higher probability of asynchronism. Thus, the current IEEE 802.11's synchronization mechanism does not scale; it cannot support a large-scale ad hoc network. To alleviate the asynchronism problem, this paper proposes a simple modification to the current synchronization algorithm. The modified algorithm is shown to work well for large ad hoc networks.