Introduction to the Graphical Kernel System (GKS) (2nd ed. revised for international standard)
Introduction to the Graphical Kernel System (GKS) (2nd ed. revised for international standard)
Better understanding through formal specification
Computer Graphics Forum
Formal specification- a comparison of two techniques
The Computer Journal
Formal Specification of Graphic Data Types
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
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An OBJ3 functional specification for boundary representation
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2FACS'97 Proceedings of the 2nd BCS-FACS conference on Northern Formal Methods
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Implicit regeneration is a fundamental concept of the Graphical Kernel System (GKS), an IS0 International Standard, but it is difficult to understand as presented in the English language specification of GKS. Consequently, it is a good example to use in determining whether formal specification techniques can be used effectively to describe and clarify graphics concepts of this kind. The problem is first motivated informally with a description of GKS concepts and terminology. A formal specification of implicit regeneration using a simplified model is then presented, and the notation that is used for its formalization (VDM) is described. Finally, properties of implicit regeneration are formulated and the specification is proved to conform to these properties. This demonstrates the applicability of formal specification to graphics software, because a sufficiently precise description of a complicated concept is provided that enables its consistency to be checked against an intuitive understanding of the concept as derived from the GKS document.