Parsing of Graph-Representable Pictures
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Syntax-directed interpretation of classes of pictures
Communications of the ACM
ARTSPEAK: A graphics language for artists
The papers of the ACM symposium on Graphic languages
Texture tile considerations for raster graphics
SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A Portable Graphics system for minicomputers
ACM '78 Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference - Volume 2
Data structures for picture processing
SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
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Most graphics languages are composed of a primitive set of commands which allow for the creation and manipulation of graphical objects. These commands are generally at a low level, in that each command causes one operation to be performed. Often the commands are to subroutines embedded in an algorithmic language so that the arithmetic and control features of the higher level language may be used.ESP3 (Extended SNOBOL Picture Pattern Processor) is a new high-level graphics and pattern recognition language. ESP3 was designed in an effort to provide simple, natural, and efficient manipulation of line drawings. ESP3 differs from present graphics languages in the following ways:1) It provides a high-level method for picture construction. The evaluation of a picture expression (analagous to the SNOBOL4 string-valued expression) causes the construction of a picture.2) It provides extensive referencing facilities for naming and accessing points, subpictures, and attributes of pictures.3) It provides predicates for testing attributes of and relationships among pictures and points.4) It provides a means for defining picture patterns that describe classes of line drawings in much the same way that SNOBOL4 patterns describe classes of strings. Picture pattern matching is a built-in facility.ESP3 is based on the premise that structural descriptions are an essential part of both picture construction and pattern recognition. The concept of a structural description of a picture has its origin with the linguistic-approach to pattern recognition. In the linguistic approach, formal grammars are used as a mechanism for picture description. [Kirsch (1964), Narasimhan (1964, 1966,1970), Anderson (1968), Evans (1968), Miller and Shaw (1969), Fu and Swain (1971), Shaw (1970, 1972), Chien and Ribak (1972), Thomason and Gonzalez (1975)]. Stanton (1970) described a graphics language based on linguistic pattern recognition. ESP3 incorporates and extends many ideas from the above work, and includes all of the features of SNOBOL4 to provide a high-level graphics and pattern recognition language. Some suggested applications of ESP3 are the generation of graphical output, AI programs with imaging capabilities, pattern recognition systems, and scene analysis programs.This paper will describe picture construction and pattern recognition in ESP with emphasis on picture construction. Some tests performed with an experimental version of ESP3 will also be discussed. For a more detailed description of ESP3, see Shapiro (1974).