The Unicode standard, version 2.0
The Unicode standard, version 2.0
World Wide Web Journal - Special issue on XML: principles, tools, and techniques
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
DSD: A schema language for XML
FMSP '00 Proceedings of the third workshop on Formal methods in software practice
Comparative analysis of six XML schema languages
ACM SIGMOD Record
Extending Java for high-level Web service construction
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Conceptual modeling of XML schemas
WIDM '03 Proceedings of the 5th ACM international workshop on Web information and data management
Expressiveness of XSDs: from practice to theory, there and back again
WWW '05 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web
Expressiveness and complexity of XML Schema
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
A logical framework for history-based access control and reputation systems
Journal of Computer Security
The complexity of query containment in expressive fragments of XPath 2.0
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
XML schema containment checking based on semi-implicit techniques
CIAA'03 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Implementation and application of automata
Types and constraints: from relational to XML data
SDKB'10 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Semantics in data and knowledge bases
Making DTD a truly powerful schema language
APWeb'05 Proceedings of the 7th Asia-Pacific web conference on Web Technologies Research and Development
Extending XML with nonmonotonic multiple inheritance
DASFAA'05 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications
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XML (Extensible Markup Language), a linear syntax for trees, has gathered a remarkable amount of interest in industry. The acceptance of XML opens new venues for the application of formal methods such as specification of abstract syntax tree sets and tree transformations.A user domain may be specified as a set of trees. For example, XHTML is a user domain corresponding to a set of XML documents that make sense as hypertext. A notation for defining such a set of XML trees is called a ischema language. We believe that a useful schema notation must identify most of the syntactic requirements present in the user domains, and yet be sufficiently simple and easy to understand both by the schema authors and the users. Furthermore, it must allow efficient parsing and be modular and extensible to support reuse and evolution of descriptions.In the present paper, we give a tutorial introduction to the DSD (Document Structure Description) notation as our bid on how to meet these requirements. The DSD notation was inspired by industrial needs. We show how DSDs help manage aspects of complex XML software through a case study about interactive voice response systems, i.e., automated telephone answering systems, where input is through the telephone keypad or speech recognition.The expressiveness of DSDs goes beyond the DTD schema concept that is already part of XML. We advocate the use of nonterminals in a top-down manner, coupled with boolean logic and regular expressions to describe how constraints on tree nodes depend on their context. We also support a general, declarative mechanism for inserting default elements and attributes. Also, we include a simple technique for reusing and evolving DSDs through selective redefinitions. The expressiveness of DSD is comparable to that of the schema language XML Schema proposed by W3C, but their syntactic and semantic definition is significantly larger and more complex. Also, the DSD notation is self-describable: the syntax of legal DSD documents including all static semantic requirements can be expressed within the DSD language itself.