A multi-level solution algorithm for steady-state Markov chains
SIGMETRICS '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Stochastic modeling and performance evaluation for digital clock and data recovery circuits
DATE '00 Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Stochastic steady-state and AC analyses of mixed-signal systems
Proceedings of the 46th Annual Design Automation Conference
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In high-speed data networks, the bit-error-rate specification on the system can be very stringent, i.e., 10-14. At such error rates, it is not feasible to evaluate the performance of a design using straightforward, simulation based, approaches. Nevertheless performance prediction before actual hardware is built is essential for the design process.This work introduces a stochastic model and an analysis-based, non-Monte-Carlo method for performance evaluation of digital data communication circuits. The analyzed circuit is modeled by a number of interacting finite state machines with inputs described as functions on a Markov chain state-space. The composition of these elements results in a typically very large Markov chain. System performance measures, such as probability of bit errors and rate of synchronization loss, can be evaluated by solving linear problems involving the large Markov chain's transition probability matrix. This paper first describes a dedicated multi-grid method used to solve these very large linear problems. The principal bottleneck in such an approach is the size of the Markov chain state-space, which grows exponentially with system complexity. The second part of this paper introduces a novel, graph based, data structure capable of efficiently storing and manipulating transition probability matrices for several million state Markov chains. The methods are illustrated on a real industrial clock-recovery circuit design.