The shadow cluster concept for resource allocation and call admission in ATM-based wireless networks
MobiCom '95 Proceedings of the 1st annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Optimization of wireless resources for personal communications mobility tracking
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Computer networks (3rd ed.)
A survey of routing techniques for mobile communications networks
Mobile Networks and Applications - Special issue: routing in mobile communications networks
Hierarchically-organized, multihop mobile wireless networks for quality-of-service support
Mobile Networks and Applications - Special issue: mobile multimedia communications
LeZi-update: an information-theoretic approach to track mobile users in PCS networks
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Reduced cell switching in a mobile computing environment
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Survivable mobile wireless networks: issues, challenges, and research directions
WiSE '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Wireless security
Efficient routing in intermittently connected mobile networks: the multiple-copy case
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Declarative policy-based adaptive mobile ad hoc networking
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Mobile Networks and Applications
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We consider the problem of routing to endpoints with very high "effective" mobility, i.e., when the period between changes in an endpoint's location is comparable to the time it takes for the location tracking mechanism to converge. This could happen due to increased endpoint speed, decreased cell size, or increased control message latency. When this happens, conventional location tracking approaches fail -- by the time such mechanisms converge, the endpoint has already moved to a new location.We characterize the performance degradation of a location tracking mechanism with increasing effective mobility. Specifically, we show that a typical mobile network has three operating states -- reactable, late-reactable, and unreactable, and identify theoretically and experimentally, the endpoint speeds at which the system transitions from one state to another. We then describe "spray routing" -- a new routing mechanism that uses controlled multicasting to the vicinity of the endpoint's last-known location. We show experimentally that the throughput is dramatically increased to acceptable levels even for highly mobile endpoints while maintaining reasonable end-to-end delay.