How to generate cryptographically strong sequences of pseudo-random bits
SIAM Journal on Computing
Analysis and design of stream ciphers
Analysis and design of stream ciphers
Perfect local randomness in pseudo-random sequences
CRYPTO '89 Proceedings on Advances in cryptology
The art of computer programming, volume 2 (3rd ed.): seminumerical algorithms
The art of computer programming, volume 2 (3rd ed.): seminumerical algorithms
Spread Spectrum in Communication
Spread Spectrum in Communication
Shift Register Sequences
A Universal Statistical Test for Random Bit Generators
CRYPTO '90 Proceedings of the 10th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
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The prime characteristic of spread spectrum modulated signals is that theirbandwidth is greater than the information rate. In this way a redundancyis introduced that allows the severe levels of inteference inherent in the transmission of digital information over radio and satellite links to beovercome. Current spread spectrum applications are primarily in militarycommunications; nevertheless, there is growing interest in this technique for third generation mobile radio networks (UMTS, FPLTS, etc.) with opendiscussion regarding the practicality of using a multiple access system based on spread spectrum techniques (CDMA). However, in order to support asmany users in the same bandwidth as other multiple access techniques such as TDMA or FDMA, it is important how to generate large families of sequencesthat present low cross-correlation. The aim of this paper is to describe a spreading codes generator that can produce a large number of PN sequences with good properties of auto- and cross-correlation. Moreover, the codes generated shows high unpredictability and good statistical behaviour. This also allows the implementation of some features that are common on militarynetworks such as message privacy (increasingly important in commercialnetworks) without additional cost. The structure presented shows itself tobe advantageous for high speed generation of codes at a low cost, low powerconsumption (allowing longer life for batteries), small size and simplicityof implementation, essential ingredients for commercial equipment. Another attractive feature is its structural parallelism, useful in VLSIimplementations. All of these features render it potentially suitable for the implementation of channel bandwidth sharing systems in future wirelesspersonal communications networks.