An introduction to genetic algorithms
An introduction to genetic algorithms
Evidence for self-organized criticality in evolution
Proceedings of the 16th annual international conference of the Center for Nonlinear Studies on Landscape paradigms in physics and biology : concepts, structures and dynamics: concepts, structures and dynamics
Extremal optimization: heuristics via coevolutionary avalanches
Computing in Science and Engineering
A cellular automata model for species competition and evolution
ACRI'06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry
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Throughout the three-billion-year history of life on Earth, evolution and extinction have been inextricably linked. Species survive on average approximately 10 million years before they become extinct, so almost every species that has ever lived is extinct today. This high turnover has played a crucial role in long-term evolution because the removal of one species makes way for the another's evolution. The classic example is that of the dinosaurs, whose extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period 65 million years ago cleared the way for the subsequent dominance of the mammals and eventually the evolution of the human race.