A logical design methodology for relational databases using the extended entity-relationship model
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
The object-oriented classification paradigm
Research directions in object-oriented programming
Semantic database modeling: survey, applications, and research issues
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
SIGMOD '89 Proceedings of the 1989 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Toward a common structural level for software, database, and knowledge-based systems
Applied Artificial Intelligence
Problems of the part-whole relation
Relational models of the lexicon
Object-oriented software engineering
Object-oriented software engineering
Object-oriented systems analysis: a model-driven approach
Object-oriented systems analysis: a model-driven approach
Object-oriented analysis and design
Object-oriented analysis and design
Object-oriented modeling and design
Object-oriented modeling and design
Fundamentals of database systems (2nd ed.)
Fundamentals of database systems (2nd ed.)
Object-oriented analysis and design with applications (2nd ed.)
Object-oriented analysis and design with applications (2nd ed.)
Database modeling & design (2nd ed.): the fundamental principles
Database modeling & design (2nd ed.): the fundamental principles
Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software
Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software
Cardinality constraints in semantic data models
Data & Knowledge Engineering
Formal deadlock elimination in an object oriented conceptual schema
Data & Knowledge Engineering
Modelling of set membership: the notion and the issues
Data & Knowledge Engineering
Classical mereology and restricted domains
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: the role of formal ontology in the information technology
Analyzing the notions of attribute, aggregate, part and member in data/knowledge modeling
Journal of Systems and Software - Special issue on information systems development: enhanced best papers from the fourth international conference, Bled, Slovenia, September 1994
Generalization/specialization and role in object oriented conceptual modeling
Data & Knowledge Engineering
Parts, wholes, and part-whole relations: the prospects of mereotopology
Data & Knowledge Engineering - Special issue on modeling parts and wholes
A conceptual theory of part-whole relations and its applications
Data & Knowledge Engineering - Special issue on modeling parts and wholes
Part-whole relations in object-centered systems: an overview
Data & Knowledge Engineering - Special issue on modeling parts and wholes
The entity-relationship model—toward a unified view of data
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS) - Special issue: papers from the international conference on very large data bases: September 22–24, 1975, Framingham, MA
Understanding semantic relationships
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Set Restrictions for Semantic Groupings
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Molecular Objects, Abstract Data Types, and Data Models: A Framework
VLDB '84 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Association: A Database Abstraction for Semantic Modelling
ER '81 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Entity-Relationship Approach to Information Modeling and Analysis
"Part" Relations for Object-Oriented Databases
ER '92 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on the Entity-Relationship Approach: Entity-Relationship Approach
The Semantics of Parts Versus Aggregates in Data/Knowledge Modelling
CAiSE '93 Proceedings of Advanced Information Systems Engineering
Aggregation in a Behaviour Oriented Object Model
ECOOP '92 Proceedings of the European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming
Modeling part-whole relationships for spatial data
Proceedings of the 8th ACM international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems
A conceptual model for remote data acquisition systems
Computers in Industry
Employing the Unified Process for Developing a Web-Based Application - A Case-Study
PAKM '02 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Practical Aspects of Knowledge Management
Towards an Ontology of Part-of
AI '01 Proceedings of the 14th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances in Artificial Intelligence
A Metamodel for Part - Whole Relationships for Reasoning on Missing Parts and Reconstruction
ER '01 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling: Conceptual Modeling
The Role and Modeling of Context in a Cognitive Model of Rogers' Person-Centred Approach
CONTEXT '01 Proceedings of the Third International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context
Formalization of the Whole-Part Relationship in the Unified Modeling Language
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Extending UML for space- and time-dependent applications
Advanced topics in database research vol. 1
A role model and its metaclass implementation
Information Systems
Advanced query language for manipulating complex entities
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
PSE: An Object-Oriented Representation for Modeling and Managing Part-of Relationships
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
Systemic classification of concern-based design methods in the context of enterprise architecture
Information Systems Frontiers
A metamodel for distributed event based systems
Proceedings of the second international conference on Distributed event-based systems
Representing and reasoning over a taxonomy of part-whole relations
Applied Ontology - Ontological Foundations of Conceptual Modelling
Towards an Abstraction Ontology
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XVIII
A conceptual model for remote data acquisition systems
ER'00 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Conceptual modeling
The viewpoint abstraction in object-oriented modeling and the UML
ER'00 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Conceptual modeling
A categorical approach to mereology and its application to modelling software components
Transactions on rough sets VIII
On a parthood specification method for component software
RSCTC'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing
Generic relationships in information modeling
Journal on Data Semantics IV
Part-Whole relations in object-role models
OTM'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: AWeSOMe, CAMS, COMINF, IS, KSinBIT, MIOS-CIAO, MONET - Volume Part II
Representing wholes by structure
ICCS'06 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Conceptual Structures: inspiration and Application
Representing and reasoning over a taxonomy of part-whole relations
Applied Ontology - Ontological Foundations of Conceptual Modelling
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Part decomposition and, conversely, the construction of composite objects out of individual parts have long been recognized as ubiquitous and essential mechanisms involving abstraction. This applies, in particular, in areas such as CAD, manufacturing, software development, and computer graphics. Although the part-of relationship is distinguished in object-oriented modeling techniques, it ranks far behind the concept of generalization/specialization and a rigorous definition of its semantics is still missing. In this paper, we first show in which ways a shift in emphasis on the part-of relationship leads to analysis and design models that are easier to understand and to maintain. We then investigate the properties of part-of relationships in order to define their semantics. This is achieved by means of a categorization of part-of relationships and by associating semantic constraints with individual categories. We further suggest a precise and, compared with existing techniques, less redundant specification of constraints accompanying part-of categories based on the degree of exclusiveness and dependence of parts on composite objects. Although the approach appears generally applicable, the object-oriented Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used to present our findings. Several examples demonstrate the applicability of the categories introduced.