Computer-based systems for cooperative work and group decision making
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Electronic social fields in bureaucracies
Communications of the ACM
An annotated bibliography of computer supported cooperative work
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin - Special issue: Computer supported cooperative work
Hardwiring weak ties: individual and institutional issues in computer mediated communication
CSCW '92 Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Human-Computer Interaction
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As part of a thrust to improve communication and collaboration among geographically separated groups of engineers, Hewlett-Packard in 1984 investigated computer teleconferencing. Most of that year was devoted to selection, acquisition, and limited pilot use of one such system (CONFER II), which has since been made widely available in the company. Today 1800 HP employees have registered to use the system. Hundreds of people from 15 countries on five continents sign on daily to participate in more than 50 active conferences; hundreds of others have tried to use the system once or a few times and then given up.This paper describes Hewlett-Packard's experience with the introduction and use of this system; its role in the corporate communications environment; some examples of prominent successes and failures; some heuristics for how to make the best of the technology available today; and some suggestions for future capabilities that would make such systems more widely useful.