Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
The cognitive viewpoint in information science
Journal of Information Science
Where should the person stop and the information search interface start?
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Information filtering and information retrieval: two sides of the same coin?
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on information filtering
Braque: design of an interface to support user interaction in information retrieval
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Special issue on hypertext and information retrieval
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Understanding complex information environments: a social analysis of watershed planning
DL '97 Proceedings of the second ACM international conference on Digital libraries
Exploring models of information behaviour: the ‘uncertainty’ project
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Special issue on Information Seeking In Context (ISIC)
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
Understanding Information Retrieval Interactions: Theoretical and Practical Implications
Understanding Information Retrieval Interactions: Theoretical and Practical Implications
SAICSIT '04 Proceedings of the 2004 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on IT research in developing countries
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In human-computer interaction (HCI), a successful interaction sequence can take its own momentum and drift away from what the user has originally planned. However, this does not mean that planned actions play no important role in the overall performance. In this paper, the author tries to construct a line of argument to demonstrate that it is impossible to consider an action without an a priori plan, even according to the phenomenological position taken for granted by the situated action theory. Based on the phenomenological analysis of problematic situations and typification the author argues that, just like "situated-ness", "plannedness" of an action should also be understood in the context of the situation. Successful plan can be developed and executed for familiar context. The first part of the paper treats information seeking behavior as a special type of social action and applies Alfred Schutz's phenomenology of sociology to understand the importance and necessity of plan. The second part reports results of a quasi-experiment focusing on plan deviation within an information seeking context. It was found that when the searcher's situation changed from problematic to non-problematic, the degree of plan deviation decreased significantly. These results support the argument proposed in the first part of the paper.