Expressiveness of matchgates

  • Authors:
  • Leslie G. Valiant

  • Affiliations:
  • Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA

  • Venue:
  • Theoretical Computer Science
  • Year:
  • 2002

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Abstract

Matchgates have been used to simulate classically in polynomial time assemblies of quantum gates. In this paper it is shown that every matchgate for 2-input 2-output functions has to obey a certain set of five polynomial identities. It is also shown that no matchgate can realize a nontrivial control gate for any number of inputs. On the other hand, it is proved that classical Boolean formulae can be expressed as matchcircuits of polynomial size.