The Hardness of 3 - Uniform Hypergraph Coloring

  • Authors:
  • Irit Dinur;Oded Regev;Clifford D. Smyth

  • Affiliations:
  • -;-;-

  • Venue:
  • FOCS '02 Proceedings of the 43rd Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
  • Year:
  • 2002

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Abstract

We prove that coloring a 3-uniform 2-colorable hypergraph with any constant number of colors is NP-hard. The best known algorithm [20] colors such a graph using O(n1/5) colors. Our result immediately implies that for any constants k 2 and c2 c1 1, coloring a k-uniform c1-colorable hypergraph with c2 colors is NP-hard; leaving completely open only the k = 2 graph case.We are the first to obtain a hardness result for approximately-coloring a 3-uniform hypergraph that is colorable with a constant number of colors. For k 驴 4 such a result has been shown by [14], who also discussed the inherent difference between the k = 3 case and k 驴 4.Our proof presents a new connection between the Long-Code and the Kneser graph, and relies on the high chromatic numbers of the Kneser graph [19, 22] and the Schrijver graph [26]. We prove a certain maximization variant of the Kneser conjecture, namely that any coloring of the Kneser graph by fewer colors than its chromatic number, has many' non-monochromatic edges.