A magnifier tool for video data
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
VideoMAP and VideoSpaceIcon: tools for anatomizing video content
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
Measuring usability: preference vs. performance
Communications of the ACM
Video parsing and browsing using compressed data
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Retrieving and visualizing video
Communications of the ACM
Intelligent multimedia information retrieval
Intelligent multimedia information retrieval
Evolving video skims into useful multimedia abstractions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Key frame preview techniques for video browsing
Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Digital libraries
Data mountain: using spatial memory for document management
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Multimodal surrogates for video browsing
Proceedings of the fourth ACM conference on Digital libraries
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Multidimensional scaling of video surrogates
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
ECDL '97 Proceedings of the First European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries
Improving Access to a Digital Video Library
INTERACT '97 Proceedings of the IFIP TC13 Interantional Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Video Skimming and Characterization through the Combination of Image and Language Understanding
CAIVD '98 Proceedings of the 1998 International Workshop on Content-Based Access of Image and Video Databases (CAIVD '98)
Dynamic key frame presentation techniques for augmenting video browsing
AVI '98 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
How fast is too fast?: evaluating fast forward surrogates for digital video
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Deciphering visual gist and its implications for video retrieval and interface design
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Video needs at the different stages of television program making process
IIiX Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Information interaction in context
Prioritization strategies for video storyboard keyframes
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Effects of audio and visual surrogates for making sense of digital video
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An evaluation framework of user interaction with metadata surrogates
Journal of Information Science
Text or pictures? an eyetracking study of how people view digital video surrogates
CIVR'03 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Image and video retrieval
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide web
Webpage-based and video summarization-based learning platform for online multimedia learning
Edutainment'11 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on E-learning and games, edutainment technologies
Examining feedback in interactive video retrieval
Journal of Information Science
Panopticon: a parallel video overview system
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
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In a digital environment, it is feasible to integrate multimedia materials into a library collection with ease. However, it seems likely that nontextual surrogates for multimedia objects, e.g., videos, could effectively augment textual representations of those objects. In this study, five video surrogates were evaluated in relation to their usefulness and usability in accomplishing specific tasks. The surrogates (storyboards with text or audio keywords, slide shows with text or audio keywords, fast forward) were created for each of seven video segments. Ten participants, all of whom watch videos at least monthly and search for videos at least occasionally, viewed the surrogates for seven video segments and provided comments about the strengths and weaknesses of each. In addition, they performed a series of tasks (gist determination, object recognition, action recognition, and visual gist determination) with three surrogates selected from those available. No surrogate was universally judged "best," but the fast forward surrogate garnered the most support, particularly from experienced video users. The participants expressed their understanding of video gist as composed of three components: topicality, the story of the video, and the visual gist of the video. They identified several real-world tasks for which they regularly use video collections. The viewing compaction rates used in these surrogates supported adequate performance, but users expressed a desire for more control over surrogate speed and sequencing. Further development of these surrogates is warranted by these results, as well as the development of mechanisms for surrogate display.