Three-dimensional computer vision: a geometric viewpoint
Three-dimensional computer vision: a geometric viewpoint
Performance of optical flow techniques
International Journal of Computer Vision
Computer facial animation
Linear Object Classes and Image Synthesis From a Single Example Image
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Determining the Epipolar Geometry and its Uncertainty: A Review
International Journal of Computer Vision
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Integration of Eigentemplate and Structure Matching for Automatic Facial Feature Detection
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
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In this paper, we describe our face modeling system which allows a user, with a PC and an ordinary video camera, to construct their own 3D face models with minimal manual work. Furthermore, the constructed face model can be animated right away. There are two technical innovations that make our system possible. The first is a robust head motion estimation algorithm that takes advantage of physical properties of the face feature points obtained from manual marking to reduce the number of unknowns. The second innovation is to fit a set of face metrics (3D deformation vectors) to the reconstructed 3D points and markers to generate a complete face geometry. We have done live demonstrations many times and constructed 3D faces for hundreds of people. The system has proven to be robust, fast, and easy to use.