Cocktail watermarking for digital image protection
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Image-adaptive watermarking using visual models
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Visibility of wavelet quantization noise
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Improved wavelet-based watermarking through pixel-wise masking
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A vision-based masking model for spread-spectrum image watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Three-dimensional subband coding of video
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A perceptually tuned subband image coder based on the measure of just-noticeable-distortion profile
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Quaternion image watermarking using the spatio-chromatic fourier coefficients analysis
MULTIMEDIA '06 Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
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Human eyes are not perfect sensors for perceiving color images shown in 2-D display monitors or represented as photo prints. The maximum extent of variation that is barely noticeable with average human eyes is the error-visibility threshold of the pixel or the so-called just noticeable distortion (JND) of the pixel. In this paper, a color visual model based on characteristics of human visual system (HVS) is proposed to estimate the JND profiles of color images. The contrast masking effect and texture masking effect of color images in uniform color space is measured to optimize the estimation of error-visibility threshold in chromatic channel. A subjective test that compares the perceptual quality of JND-contaminated image with that of the original color image verifies that the validity of the proposed color visual model.