Digital payment systems enabling security and unobservability
Computers and Security
On blind signatures and perfect crimes
Computers and Security
NetCash: a design for practical electronic currency on the Internet
CCS '93 Proceedings of the 1st ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Extensions of single-term coins
CRYPTO '93 Proceedings of the 13th annual international cryptology conference on Advances in cryptology
Untraceable off-line cash in wallet with observers
CRYPTO '93 Proceedings of the 13th annual international cryptology conference on Advances in cryptology
Revokable and versatile electronic money (extended abstract)
CCS '96 Proceedings of the 3rd ACM conference on Computer and communications security
An efficient fair payment system
CCS '96 Proceedings of the 3rd ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Atomicity in electronic commerce
PODC '96 Proceedings of the fifteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Strong loss tolerance of electronic coin systems
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Trustee-based tracing extensions to anonymous cash and the making of anonymous change
Proceedings of the sixth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Secure and Efficient Off-Line Digital Money (Extended Abstract)
ICALP '93 Proceedings of the 20th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming
The ESPRIT Project CAFE - High Security Digital Payment Systems
ESORICS '94 Proceedings of the Third European Symposium on Research in Computer Security
Digital Payment Systems with Passive Anonymity-Revoking Trustees
ESORICS '96 Proceedings of the 4th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security: Computer Security
CRYPTO '88 Proceedings of the 8th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Disposable Zero-Knowledge Authentications and Their Applications to Untraceable Electronic Cash
CRYPTO '89 Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
CRYPTO '91 Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
An Efficient Divisible Electronic Cash Scheme
CRYPTO '95 Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
"Indirect Discourse Proof": Achieving Efficient Fair Off-Line E-cash
ASIACRYPT '96 Proceedings of the International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptology and Information Security: Advances in Cryptology
Cost-Effective Payment Schemes with Privacy Regulation
ASIACRYPT '96 Proceedings of the International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptology and Information Security: Advances in Cryptology
Fair Off-Line e-cash Made Easy
ASIACRYPT '98 Proceedings of the International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptology and Information Security: Advances in Cryptology
PayWord and MicroMint: Two Simple Micropayment Schemes
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Security Protocols
NetCard - A Practical Electronic-Cash System
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Security Protocols
Electronic Lottery Tickets as Micropayments
FC '97 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Financial Cryptography
Anonymity Control in E-Cash Systems
FC '97 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Financial Cryptography
On the Continuum Between On-line and Off-line E-cash Systems - 1
FC '97 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Financial Cryptography
An Efficient Micropayment System Based on Probabilistic Polling
FC '97 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Financial Cryptography
SVP: A Flexible Micropayment Scheme
FC '97 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Financial Cryptography
On Assurance Structures for WWW Commerce
FC '98 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Financial Cryptography
Beyond Identity: Warranty-Based Digital Signature Transactions
FC '98 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Financial Cryptography
FC '98 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Financial Cryptography
Proofs of Work and Bread Pudding Protocols
CMS '99 Proceedings of the IFIP TC6/TC11 Joint Working Conference on Secure Information Networks: Communications and Multimedia Security
Requirements for network payment: the NetCheque perspective
COMPCON '95 Proceedings of the 40th IEEE Computer Society International Conference
VarietyCash: a multi-purpose electronic payment system
WOEC'98 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce - Volume 3
Agora: a minimal distributed protocol for electronic commerce
WOEC'96 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Proceedings of the Second USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce - Volume 2
NetBill security and transaction protocol
WOEC'95 Proceedings of the 1st conference on USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce - Volume 1
The millicent protocols for electronic commerce
WOEC'95 Proceedings of the 1st conference on USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce - Volume 1
Publicly verifiable secret sharing
EUROCRYPT'96 Proceedings of the 15th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
EUROCRYPT'95 Proceedings of the 14th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Ripping coins for a fair exchange
EUROCRYPT'95 Proceedings of the 14th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Remote Electronic Voting with Revocable Anonymity
ICISS '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information Systems Security
E-commerce: protecting purchaser privacy to enforce trust
Electronic Commerce Research
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Currently, the Internet and the World Wide Web on-line business is booming, with traffic, advertising and content growing at sustained exponential rates. However, the full potential of on-line commerce has not been possible to realize due to the lack of convenient and secure electronic payment methods (e.g., for buying e-goods and paying with e-money). Although it became clear very early that it is vital for payments to be safe and efficient, and to avoid requiring complicated user intervention, it is still the case that the Internet payment method of choice today is that of traditional credit cards. Despite their widespread use and market penetration, these have a number of significant limitations and shortcomings, including lack of security, lack of anonymity, inability to reach all audiences due to credit requirements, large overhead with respect to payments, and the related inefficiency in processing small payment amounts. These limitations (some of which are present in the real world) prompted the design of alternative electronic payment systems very early in the Internet age - even before the conception of the World Wide Web. Such designs promised the security, anonymity, efficiency, and universal appeal of cash transactions, but in an electronic form. Some early schemes, such as the one proposed by First Virtual, were built around the credit card structure; others, such as the scheme developed by DigiCash, offered a solution with cryptographic security and payer anonymity. Still others, such as Millicent, introduced micropayment solutions. However, none of these systems managed to proliferate in the marketplace, and most have either ceased to exist or have only reached a limited audience. This paper is associated with a panel discussion whose purpose is to address the reasons why the international e-commerce market has rejected proposed solutions, and to suggest new ways for electronic payments to be used over the Internet, avoiding the problems inherent in credit card transactions. The purpose of this paper is to set the stage for such a discussion by presenting, in brief, some of the payment schemes currently available and to discuss some of the basic problems in the area.