Security without identification: transaction systems to make big brother obsolete
Communications of the ACM
Demonstrating possession of a discrete logarithm without revealing it
Proceedings on Advances in cryptology---CRYPTO '86
Digital payment systems enabling security and unobservability
Computers and Security
CRYPTO '88 Proceedings on Advances in cryptology
Payment systems and credential mechanisms with provable security against abuse by individuals
CRYPTO '88 Proceedings on Advances in cryptology
The digital signature standard
Communications of the ACM
Untraceable off-line cash in wallet with observers
CRYPTO '93 Proceedings of the 13th annual international cryptology conference on Advances in cryptology
Communications of the ACM
EUROCRYPT '93 Workshop on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques on Advances in cryptology
Secure and Efficient Off-Line Digital Money (Extended Abstract)
ICALP '93 Proceedings of the 20th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming
How To Break and Repair A "Provably Secure" Untraceable Payment System
CRYPTO '91 Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Non-Interactive and Information-Theoretic Secure Verifiable Secret Sharing
CRYPTO '91 Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Cryptographically Strong Undeniable Signatures, Unconditionally Secure for the Signer
CRYPTO '91 Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Wallet Databases with Observers
CRYPTO '92 Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Tamper resistance: a cautionary note
WOEC'96 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Proceedings of the Second USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce - Volume 2
Anonymous Investing: Hiding the Identities of Stockholders
FC '99 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Financial Cryptography
Self-Escrowed Cash against User Blackmailing
FC '00 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Financial Cryptography
Electronic Payments: Where Do We Go from Here?
Proceedings of the International Exhibition and Congress on Secure Networking - CQRE (Secure) '99
Experiences with the enforcement of access rights extracted from ODRL-based digital contracts
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Digital rights management
Untraceable blind signature schemes based on discrete logarithm problem
Fundamenta Informaticae
An Efficient Blind Signature Scheme for Information Hiding
International Journal of Electronic Commerce
Fair anonymous rewarding based on electronic cash
Journal of Systems and Software
A practical anonymous off-line multi-authority payment scheme
Electronic Commerce Research and Applications
Ownership-attached unblinding of blind signatures for untraceable electronic cash
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A new untraceable off-line electronic cash system
Electronic Commerce Research and Applications
Randomization enhanced Chaum's blind signature scheme
Computer Communications
Untraceable Blind Signature Schemes Based on Discrete Logarithm Problem
Fundamenta Informaticae
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Untraceable electronic cash means prepaid digital payment systems, usually with offline payments, that protect user privacy. Such systems have recently been given considerable attention by both theory and development projects. However, in most current schemes, loss of a user device containing electronic cash implies a loss of money, just as with real cash. In comparison with credit schemes, this is considered a serious shortcoming. This article shows how untraceable electronic cash can be made loss tolerant, i.e., how the monetary value of the lost data can be recovered. Security against fraud and preservation of privacy are ensured; strong loss tolerance means that not even denial of recovery is possible. In particular, systems based on electronic coins are treated. We present general design principles and options and their instantiation in one concrete payment system. The measures are practical.