Building bilingual microcomputer systems
Communications of the ACM
Comparing words, stems, and roots as index terms in an Arabic Information Retrieval System
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
Query expansion using local and global document analysis
SIGIR '96 Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Querying across languages: a dictionary-based approach to multilingual information retrieval
SIGIR '96 Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Experiments in multilingual information retrieval using the SPIDER system
SIGIR '96 Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Phrasal translation and query expansion techniques for cross-language information retrieval
Proceedings of the 20th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Resolving ambiguity for cross-language retrieval
Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Stemming methodologies over individual query words for an Arabic information retrieval system
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Proceedings of the tenth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Dictionary Methods for Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval
DEXA '96 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications
Multilingual Web retrieval: An experiment in English–Chinese business intelligence
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
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In Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR), queries in one language retrieve relevant documents in other languages. Machine-Readable Dictionaries (MRD) and Machine Translation (MT) systems are important resources for query translation in CLIR. We investigate the use of MT systems and MRD to Arabic-English and English-Arabic CLIR. The translation ambiguity associated with these resources is the key problem. We present three methods of query translation using a bilingual dictionary for Arabic-English CLIR. First, we present the Every-Match (EM) method. This method yields ambiguous translations because many extraneous terms are added to the original query. To disambiguate query translation, we present the First-Match (FM) method that considers the first match in the dictionary as the candidate term. Finally, we present the Two-Phase (TP) method. We show that good retrieval effectiveness can be achieved without complex resources using the Two-Phase method for Arabic-English CLIR. We also empirically evaluate the effectiveness of the Arabic-English MT approach using short, medium, and long queries of TREC7 and TREC9 topics and collections. The effects of the query length to the quality of the MT-based CLIR are investigated. English-Arabic CLIR is evaluated via MRD and English-Arabic MT. The query expansion via post-translation approach is used to deemphasize the extraneous terms introduced by the MRD and MT for English-Arabic CLIR.