Refining the test phase of usability evaluation: how many subjects is enough?
Human Factors - Special issue: measurement in human factors
A mathematical model of the finding of usability problems
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Getting the most from paired-user testing
interactions
Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests
Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests
A Practical Guide to Usability Testing
A Practical Guide to Usability Testing
Paper versus computer implementations as mockup scenarios for heuristic evaluation
INTERACT '90 Proceedings of the IFIP TC13 Third Interational Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
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This article presents the advantages and drawbacks of individual and paired-user testing in terms of number and type of usability problems uncovered. Thirty-two participants had to perform 8 tasks designed to allow the evaluation of interactive tv services. For half of the participants (16) the test session was conducted individually: for the other half, the test session employed pairs of users (8×2 participants) performing the tasks together. The main results indicate that task completion times do not differ statistically between groups and that paired-user testing involve better success rates. Individual sessions allow the identification of more usability problems while paired-user sessions involve a better understanding of the difficulties users encountered. As for the type of usability problems uncovered (Guidance, Compatibility, etc.), differences between the two groups were observed. The results are discussed in relation to the commentairies published on the paired-user testing.