Satisfiability Coding Lemma

  • Authors:
  • R. Paturi;P. Pudlak;F. Zane

  • Affiliations:
  • -;-;-

  • Venue:
  • FOCS '97 Proceedings of the 38th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
  • Year:
  • 1997

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Abstract

We present and analyze two simple algorithms for finding satisfying assignments of /spl kappa/-CNFs (Boolean formulae in conjunctive normal form with at most /spl kappa/ literals per clause). The first is a randomized algorithm which, with probability approaching 1, finds a satisfying assignment of a satisfiable /spl kappa/-CNF formula F in time O(n/sup 2/|F|2/sup n-n//spl kappa//). The second algorithm is deterministic, and its running time approaches 2/sup n-n/2/spl kappa// for large n and /spl kappa/. The randomized algorithm is the best known algorithm for /spl kappa/3; the deterministic algorithm is the best known deterministic algorithm for /spl kappa/4. We also show an /spl Omega/(n/sup 1/4/2/sup /spl radic/n/) lower bound on the size of depth 3 circuits of AND and OR gates computing the parity function. This bound is tight up to a constant factor. The key idea used in these upper and lower bounds is what we call the Satisfiability Coding Lemma. This basic lemma shows how to encode satisfying solutions of a /spl kappa/-CNF succinctly.