C4.5: programs for machine learning
C4.5: programs for machine learning
POWER2: next generation of the RISC System/6000 family
IBM Journal of Research and Development
The POWER2 performance monitor
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Measurement of a scientific workload using the IBM hardware performance monitor
SC '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
Complete Computer System Simulation: The SimOS Approach
IEEE Parallel & Distributed Technology: Systems & Technology
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The performance of software on modern architectures has grown more and more difficult to predict and analyze, as modern microprocessors have grown more complex. The execution of a program now entails the complex interaction of code, compiler and processor architecture. The current generation of microprocessors is optimized to an existing set of commercial and scientific benchmarks but new applications such as data mining are becoming a significant part of the workload. In this paper we explore the use of performance monitoring hardware to analyze the execution of C4.5, a data mining application, on the IBM Power2 architecture. We see how the data gathered by the hardware can be used to identify potential changes that can be made to the program and the processor micro-architecture to improve performance. We then go on to evaluate changes to C4.5 and to the micro-architecture. Based on our experience, we identify issues that limit the use of performance monitoring hardware in user level tuning and in extending its use to high performance computing environments.