A model to support collaborative work in virtual enterprises
Data & Knowledge Engineering - Special issue: Advances in business process management
An EREC framework for e-contract modeling, enactment and monitoring
Data & Knowledge Engineering - Special issue: Contract-driven coordination and collaboration in the internet context
Supporting the legal identities of contracting agents with an agent authorization platform
ICEC '05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Electronic commerce
A methodology and toolkit for deploying contract documents as e-contracts
ER '07 Tutorials, posters, panels and industrial contributions at the 26th international conference on Conceptual modeling - Volume 83
An e-contracting reference architecture
Journal of Systems and Software
Supporting QoS Negotiation with Feature Modeling
ICSOC '07 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Service-Oriented Computing
Supporting the Diversity of B2B E-Contracting Processes
International Journal of Electronic Commerce
Alert based disaster notification and resource allocation
Information Systems Frontiers
Normative conflicts in electronic contracts
Electronic Commerce Research and Applications
Experimental studies of e-contract establishment in the PL4BPM context
International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology
State-of-the-art in modeling and deployment of electronic contracts
CoMoGIS'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Advances in Conceptual Modeling: theory and practice
Web service e-contract establishment using features
BPM'06 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Business Process Management
A contract layered architecture for regulating cross-organisational business processes
BPM'05 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Business Process Management
A Privacy Agreement Negotiation Model in B2C E-Commerce Transactions
International Journal of Information Security and Privacy
International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Management of Emergent Digital EcoSystems
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In an e-service environment, contracts are important for attaining business process interoperability and enforcing their proper enactment. An e-contract is the computerized facilitation or automation of a contract in a cross-organizational business process. We find that e-contract enforcement can be divided into multiple layers and perspectives, which has not been adequately addressed in the literature. This problem is challenging as it involves monitoring the enactment of business processes in counter parties outside an organization's boundary. This paper presents an architecture for e-contract enforcement with three layers, viz., document layer, business layer, and implementation layer. In the document layer, contracts are composed of different types of clauses. In the business layer, e-contract enforcement activities are defined through the realization of contract clauses as business rules in event-condition-action (ECA) form. In the implementation layer, cross-organizational e-contract enforcement interfaces are implemented with contemporary Enterprise Java Bean and Web services. We present a methodology for the engineering of e-contracts enforcement from a high-level document-view down to the implementation layer based on this architecture, using a supply-chain example. As a result, e-contracts can be seamlessly defined and enforced. Conceptual models of various layers are given in the Unified Modeling Language (UML).