A visual language for querying spatio-temporal databases
Proceedings of the 7th ACM international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems
A visual tool for querying geographic databases
AVI '00 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Classifying Ambiguities in a Visual Spatial Language
Geoinformatica
A study of people's sketching habits in GIS
Spatial Cognition and Computation
Supporting Tourism Culture via CBR
EWCBR '00 Proceedings of the 5th European Workshop on Advances in Case-Based Reasoning
Mental representation and processing of geographic knowledge
Capturing task knowledge for geo-spatial imagery
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Knowledge capture
International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology
A model for describing and composing direction relations between overlapping and contained regions
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Metric details of topological line-line relations
International Journal of Geographical Information Science
Proceedings of the 33rd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Implementing a qualitative calculus to analyse moving point objects
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Botanical data retrieval system supporting discovery learning
Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval
a.SCatch: semantic structure for architectural floor plan retrieval
ICCBR'10 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development
Geo-Mobile queries: sketch-based queries in mobile GIS-Environments
W2GIS'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems
Proceedings of the 2nd Joint WICOW/AIRWeb Workshop on Web Quality
Automatic analysis and sketch-based retrieval of architectural floor plans
Pattern Recognition Letters
Graph-based retrieval of building information models for supporting the early design stages
Advanced Engineering Informatics
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Today's methods for interacting with geographic information systems (GISs) and geographic databases are primarily aspatial, as they require users to deal with geographic data primarily through alphanumeric command languages. Spatial querying by typing a command in some spatial query language or by selecting the same syntax from pull-down menus is a tedious process, because it often requires extensive training in the use of the particular query language, and forces users to translate a spatial image they may have in their mind into a non-spatial language. To overcome this conceptual gap, we propose Spatial-Query-by-Sketch, a sketch-based GIS user interface that focuses on specifying spatial relations by drawing them. This query style supports more directly human spatial thinking, which is critical, because users frequently have an image-like representation in their minds when they query about spatial configurations. This paper introduces the fundamental concepts of Spatial-Query-by-Sketch, provides examples of typical interactions, and discusses query-processing strategies by relaxing the constraints drawn in terms of a qualitative model.