A trainable gesture recognizer
Pattern Recognition
Interactive sketching for the early stages of user interface design
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Direct manipulation for comprehensible, predictable and controllable user interfaces
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Visual Image Retrieval by Elastic Matching of User Sketches
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Ten myths of multimodal interaction
Communications of the ACM
Visualization in an early stage of the problem-solving process in GIS
Computers & Geosciences
A visual tool for querying geographic databases
AVI '00 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
User Interaction in a Sketch-Based GIS User Interface
COSIT '97 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: A Theoretical Basis for GIS
Asessing Semnatic Similarities among Geospatial Feature Class Definitions
INTEROP '99 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Interoperating Geographic Information Systems
Reasoning about Gradual Changes of Topological Relationships
Proceedings of the International Conference GIS - From Space to Territory: Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning on Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space
VL '96 Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages
The use of sketch maps to measure cognitive maps of virtual environments
VRAIS '95 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS'95)
Natural-language spatial relations: metric refinements of topological properties
Natural-language spatial relations: metric refinements of topological properties
Similarity assessment for cardinal directions between extended spatial objects
Similarity assessment for cardinal directions between extended spatial objects
Sketching spatial queries
Distributed architectures for pen-based input and diagram recognition
AVI '96 Proceedings of the workshop on Advanced visual interfaces
Automatic construction of user interfaces for pen-based computers
AVI '96 Proceedings of the workshop on Advanced visual interfaces
Multimodal interactive maps: designing for human performance
Human-Computer Interaction
International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology
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Sketching is traditionally associated withdoodling simple strokes on a piece of paper.Only few professionals outside of design andthe fine arts have recognized the expressivepower of this intuitive modality. However,sketching seems particularly well suited tocapture objects and situations in a spatialenvironment, such as geographic space. To learnmore about the techniques and strategies peopleuse when sketching, a survey of sketching wasconducted. The study showed that paper andpencil sketches contain mostly simple andabstract objects that are composed of only fewstrokes. The spatial configuration of a sceneis primarily expressed through the topologicalordering of objects relative to each other.Metric relationships are used to refine spatialconfigurations. These and other findingssuggest that sketching is an appropriatemodality to interact with a computer where onewants to describe and capture objectconfigurations in a spatial environment, suchas a geographic information system (GIS).