A toolset for navigation in virtual environments
UIST '93 Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Design guidelines for landmarks to support navigation in virtual environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Evaluating space perception in NPR immersive environments
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
A study of people's sketching habits in GIS
Spatial Cognition and Computation
Behavioral Experiments in Spatial Cognition Using Virtual Reality
Spatial Cognition, An Interdisciplinary Approach to Representing and Processing Spatial Knowledge
Fidelity metrics for virtual environment simulations based on spatial memory awareness states
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Virtual laboratories: comparability of real and virtual environments for environmental psychology
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Fourth international workshop on presence
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Navigation and Acquisition of Spatial Knowledge in a Virtual Maze
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Planning optimal paths: A simple assessment of survey spatial knowledge in virtual environments
Computers in Human Behavior
Sharing and analyzing data from presence experiments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Special issue: 8th annual international workshop on presence II
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Navigation, Wayfinding, and Place Experience within a Virtual City
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Review: Causal knowledge and reasoning by cognitive maps: Pursuing a holistic approach
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Technical Section: Influence of the size of the field of view on motion perception
Computers and Graphics
Cognitive transfer of spatial awareness states from immersive virtual environments to reality
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Interacting with Computers
A scale model of mixed reality
C&C '11 Proceedings of the 8th ACM conference on Creativity and cognition
Effect of the size of the field of view on the perceived amplitude of rotations of the visual scene
EGVE'08 Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
Performance effects of multi-sensory displays in virtual teleoperation environments
Proceedings of the 1st symposium on Spatial user interaction
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Cognitive maps are mental models of the relative locations and attributes of phenomena in spatial environments. Understanding how people form cognitive maps of virtual environments is vital to effective virtual world design. Unfortunately, such an understanding is hampered by the difficulty of cognitive map measurement. The present study tests the validity of using sketch maps to examine aspects of virtual world cognitive maps. We predict that subjects who report feeling oriented within the virtual world will produce better sketch maps and so sketch-map accuracy can be used as an external measure of subject orientation and world knowledge. Results show a high positive correlation between subjective ratings of orientation, world knowledge and sketch-map accuracy, supporting our hypothesis that sketch maps provide a valid measure of internal cognitive maps of virtual environments. Results across different worlds also suggest that sketch maps can be used to find an absolute measure for goodness of world design.