Web-Based Energy Exploration Tool for Embedded Systems
IEEE Design & Test
Flip-flop insertion with shifted-phase clocks for FPGA power reduction
ICCAD '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
International Journal of Information and Communication Technology
Invited talk: in-house tools for low-power embedded systems
ICESS'04 Proceedings of the First international conference on Embedded Software and Systems
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Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) play many importantroles, ranging from small glue logic replacement to System-on-Chipdesigns. Nevertheless, FPGA vendors can not accuratelyspecify the energy consumption information of their products onthe device data sheets because the energy consumption of FPGAs isstrongly dependent on target circuit including resource utilization,logic partitioning, mapping, placement and route. While majorCAD tools have started to report average power consumptionunder given transition activities, energy optimal FPGA designdemands more detailed energy estimation.In this paper, we introduce an in-house cycle-accurate energymeasurement tool and energy characterization schemes from lowlevel to operation level. The tool offers all the necessary capabilityto investigate the energy consumption of FPGAs for high-level,operation-based energy characterization, which is useful for high-level,system-wide energy estimation. It also includes features forlow-level energy characterization. We compare our tool with XilinxXPower and demonstrate state machine energy characterization ofan LCD controller and an SDRAM controller.