Software metrics: introduction
Information and Software Technology - New directions in software development
Software measurement: a conceptual framework
Journal of Systems and Software - An Oregon workshop on software metrics
A philosophy for software measurement
Journal of Systems and Software - An Oregon workshop on software metrics
Software complexity: measures and methods
Software complexity: measures and methods
Object-oriented software engineering
Object-oriented software engineering
Towards a metrics suite for object oriented design
OOPSLA '91 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications
Software modeling and measurement: the Goal/Question/Metric paradigm
Software modeling and measurement: the Goal/Question/Metric paradigm
The object-oriented brewery: a comparison of two object-oriented development methods
ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes
Essays on object-oriented software engineering (vol. 1)
Essays on object-oriented software engineering (vol. 1)
Object-oriented metrics that predict maintainability
Journal of Systems and Software - Special issue on object-oriented software
Encyclopedia of software engineering
Encyclopedia of software engineering
Object-oriented analysis and design with applications (2nd ed.)
Object-oriented analysis and design with applications (2nd ed.)
Object-oriented software metrics: a practical guide
Object-oriented software metrics: a practical guide
Integrated object-oriented testing and development processes
Communications of the ACM
A taxonomy of software development methods
Communications of the ACM
Candidate metrics for object-oriented software within a taxonomy framework
Journal of Systems and Software - Special issue on achieving quality in software
A software complexity model of object-oriented systems
Decision Support Systems - Special issue on information technologies and systems
Measurement of language-supported reuse in object-oriented and object-based software
Journal of Systems and Software - Special issue on software reuse
Software reuse: a holistic approach
Software reuse: a holistic approach
Realizing the object-oriented lifecycle
Realizing the object-oriented lifecycle
The mathematical validity of software metrics
ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes
Object-oriented development process and metrics
Object-oriented development process and metrics
A Validation of Object-Oriented Design Metrics as Quality Indicators
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Software metrics (2nd ed.): a rigorous and practical approach
Software metrics (2nd ed.): a rigorous and practical approach
A Unified Framework for Coupling Measurement in Object-Oriented Systems
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Another metric suite for object-oriented programming
Journal of Systems and Software
Software Metrics: A Rigorous Approach
Software Metrics: A Rigorous Approach
Design Measurement: Some Lessons Learned
IEEE Software
Representing and Using Nonfunctional Requirements: A Process-Oriented Approach
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Special issue on knowledge representation and reasoning in software development
Software Measurement: A Necessary Scientific Basis
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A Metrics Suite for Object Oriented Design
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Reusing Software: Issues and Research Directions
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
OOA Metrics for the Unified Modeling Language
CSMR '98 Proceedings of the 2nd Euromicro Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering ( CSMR'98)
A metric for evaluating class library interfaces and its application to library upgrades
ICSM '95 Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Maintenance
A Metric Framework for Object-Oriented Development
TOOLS '01 Proceedings of the 39th International Conference and Exhibition on Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems (TOOLS39)
Using object-oriented design complexity metrics to predict maintenance performance
Using object-oriented design complexity metrics to predict maintenance performance
A comparison of metrics for UML class diagrams
ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes
The Structural Complexity of Software: An Experimental Test
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Understanding the shape of Java software
Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications
Information Systems Research
Cognitive information complexity measure of object-oriented software: a practitioner's approach
SEPADS'06 Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Software Engineering, Parallel and Distributed Systems
Analyzing clusters of class characteristics in OO applications
Journal of Systems and Software
Design pattern density defined
Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications
What's up with software metrics? - A preliminary mapping study
Journal of Systems and Software
Towards identifying software project clusters with regard to defect prediction
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Predictive Models in Software Engineering
CM-Quality: a pattern-based method and tool for conceptual modeling evaluation and improvement
ADBIS'10 Proceedings of the 14th east European conference on Advances in databases and information systems
On the Quality of Examples in Introductory Java Textbooks
ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE)
A suite of cognitive complexity metrics
ICCSA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computational Science and Its Applications - Volume Part IV
A mapping study to investigate component-based software system metrics
Journal of Systems and Software
Studying the impact of social interactions on software quality
Empirical Software Engineering
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We survey metrics proposed for object-oriented systems, focusing on product metrics. The survey is intended for the purposes of understanding, classifying, and analyzing ongoing research in object-oriented metrics. The survey applies fundamental measurement theory to artifacts created by development activities. We develop a mathematical formalism that captures this perspective clearly, giving appropriate attention to the peculiarities of the object-oriented system developmenr process. Consistent representation of the available metrics, following this mathematical formalism, shows that current research in this area contains varying coverage of different products and their properties at different development stages. The consistent representation also facilitates several analyses including aggregation across metrics, usage across metrics, equivalent formulation of metrics by multiple researchers, and exploitation of traditional metrics for object-oriented metrics. We also trace the chronological development of research in this area, and uncover gaps that suggest opportunities for future research.