A gap property of deterministic tree languages

  • Authors:
  • Damian Niwiński;Igor Walukiewicz

  • Affiliations:
  • Institute of Informatics, Warsaw University, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;Institute of Informatics, Warsaw University, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland

  • Venue:
  • Theoretical Computer Science - Logic and complexity in computer science
  • Year:
  • 2003

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Abstract

We show that a tree language recognized by a deterministic parity automaton is either hard for the co-Büchi level and therefore cannot be recognized by a weak alternating automaton, or is on a very low level in the hierarchy of weak alternating automata. A topological counterpart of this property is that a deterministic tree language is either Π11 complete (and hence nonBorel), or it is on the level Π30 of the Borel hierarchy. We also give a new simple proof of the strictness of the hierarchy of weak alternating automata.