On-Line and Off-Line Handwriting Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Average prototypes for stroke-based signature verification
ICDAR '97 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
A Multi-expert System for Dynamic Signature Verification
MCS '00 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems
Document Validation by Signature: A Serial Multi-Expert Approach
ICDAR '99 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
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This paper presents a multi-expert system for dynamic signatureverification. The system uses a stroke-oriented description ofsignatures well-suited for multi-expert approach. Each stroke isanalysed in multiple representation domains to verify locallyboth the shape and dynamics of a signature. A two-level schemefor decision combination is used to combine local decisions. Atthe first level soft- and hard- combination rules are used tocombine decisions from different representation domains. At thesecond level simple and weighted averaging is used to combinedecisions from different parts of the signature.