The input/output complexity of sorting and related problems
Communications of the ACM
Improving register allocation for subscripted variables
PLDI '90 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1990 conference on Programming language design and implementation
The cache performance and optimizations of blocked algorithms
ASPLOS IV Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
ATOM: a system for building customized program analysis tools
PLDI '94 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1994 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Internal organization of the Alpha 21164, a 300-MHz 64-bit quad-issue CMOS RISC microprocessor
Digital Technical Journal - Special 10th anniversary issue
Continuous profiling: where have all the cycles gone?
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Computer architecture (2nd ed.): a quantitative approach
Computer architecture (2nd ed.): a quantitative approach
The art of computer programming, volume 3: (2nd ed.) sorting and searching
The art of computer programming, volume 3: (2nd ed.) sorting and searching
Cache performance analysis of traversals and random accesses
Proceedings of the tenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Towards a theory of cache-efficient algorithms
SODA '00 Proceedings of the eleventh annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
FOCS '99 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Cache-efficient string sorting using copying
Journal of Experimental Algorithmics (JEA)
Engineering a cache-oblivious sorting algorithm
Journal of Experimental Algorithmics (JEA)
Compression techniques for fast external sorting
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Using SIMD registers and instructions to enable instruction-level parallelism in sorting algorithms
Proceedings of the nineteenth annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architectures
An experimental study of sorting and branch prediction
Journal of Experimental Algorithmics (JEA)
Algorithms and theory of computation handbook
Algorithm engineering: bridging the gap between algorithm theory and practice
Algorithm engineering: bridging the gap between algorithm theory and practice
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Modern computer systems have increasingly complex memory systems. Common machine models for algorithm analysis do not reflect many of the features of these systems, e.g., large register sets, lockup-free caches, cache hierarchies, associativity, cache line fetching, and streaming behavior. Inadequate models lead to poor algorithmic choices and an incomplete understanding of algorithm behavior on real machines.A key step toward developing better models is to quantify the performance effects of features not reflected in the models. This paper explores the effect of memory system features on sorting performance. We introduce a new cache-conscious sorting algorithm, R-MERGE, which achieves better performance in practice over algorithms that are superior in the theoretical models. R-MERGE is designed to minimize memory stall cycles rather than cache misses by considering features common to many system designs.