Security without identification: transaction systems to make big brother obsolete
Communications of the ACM
IEEE Spectrum - Special issue: electronic money
NetCard - A Practical Electronic-Cash System
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Security Protocols
Electronic Payments of Small Amounts
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Security Protocols
Blinding for unanticipated signatures
EUROCRYPT'87 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Spectrum management policy options
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
Challenges of real-time secondary usage of spectrum
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Human computation: a survey and taxonomy of a growing field
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
MobiCoin: digital cash for m-commerce
ICDCIT'04 Proceedings of the First international conference on Distributed Computing and Internet Technology
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This paper describes PayCash, an Internet payment system that was designed to offer strong security and privacy protection. This system is based on the concept of electronic cash, extended to support a flexible anonymity policy so as to accommodate privacy and security laws that differ from nation to nation. PayCash includes novel techniques to generate trustworthy records of all transactions, making it possible to detect many forms of fraud. This system also allows users to send a variable number of "electronic coins" in a single message, so both large and small amounts of money can be transferred efficiently.